tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7657561808839926652024-02-06T18:49:00.261-08:00Banknotes of BurmaThis is the modern history of Burma through Banknotes issued for Burma. Banknotes of Burma; Currency of Burma; British and Japanese have ruled Burma and issued banknotes for Burma; Monetary history of Burma, and demonetized without compensation in Burma; unusual denominations of Burma with colorful images, was written by Min Sun Min, lecturer at City University of New York. BURMA, BANKNOTES OF.Min Sun Minhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04962904901600922564noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-765756180883992665.post-83340259514247836562012-02-07T11:12:00.000-08:002012-02-13T05:47:47.612-08:00<br />
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CHAPTER IV</div>
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Post Burma independece (1948-1988)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(A) <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>BANKNOTES OF “GOVERNMENT OF BURMA” (1948-49)</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1px;">In</span> January 1946 Aung San became the President of the Anti Fascist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL) and in August Sir Hubert Rance became Governor. The objective of the AFPFL was for independence but they were ambivalent about remaining in the Commonwealth, the policy adopted by India. Aung San went to London in January 1947 to discuss with British Prime Minister Clement Attlee. On June 9, 1947 the constituent assembly voted to cut all ties with the British Empire. </div>
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Tragically on July 19, 1947 Aung San and eight cabinet members were assassinated. U Nu and Attlee signed an agreement on independence on 17th October 1947. The astrologers pronounced that the most auspicious time for a declaration of independence was 4: 20 am on January 4, 1948. This day is now being observed as an annual holiday.</div>
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In October 1946 the Burmese Government appointed a committee to advise on the form, design and color of new currency notes. The report of the committee, together with designs by four Burmese artists for the notes specified by the act, were made available to the Burma Currency Board in January 1947. The Government of Burma placed an order in June with Thomas De la Rue of London for the production of banknotes. These notes were to have a peacock watermark, and to be authenticated by the Chairman of the Board Sir Richard Hopkins and one member of the board. The reverses illustrated various national occupations, with government of burma in English. As the Burma Currency Board banknotes (new designs and overprinted) increased in numbers, it was decided to demonetize all India banknotes not marked “legal tenders in Burma Only,” from July 1, 1948.</div>
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1 rupees (1948) Government of Burma banknote (signed by R. V. N. Hopkins and Maung Kaung)</div>
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1 RUPEE (1948)</div>
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This is a rectangular banknote 108 x 66 mm. The obverse of the note is light green with an off-white frame. Inside the frame is a dark green ornamental border of vines, curlicues and other decorative elements. The denomination of the note in Roman numerals appears in the upper right and lower left. The denomination in Burmese script appears at the upper left and lower right. The monetary values on the lower left and lower right are enclosed in heart-shaped buds. A wash of pale pink shoots through vertically at the center of the note. </div>
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At the top of this field is the name of the bank note issuer in Burmese “<i>bama naing ngan asoya</i>” signifying Government of Burma. (T for this issue, later issues, however, appear as “myanmar.”) Below it a statement of legal tender, “at all places where bank notes are issued, this note can be exchanged for 1 rupee”, in Burmese is printed. This note is signed by R.V.N. Hopkins, chairman, on behalf of Burmese State Currency Board and Maung Kaung, a member of the board, and appears at lower center and lower right. The spelling of the last word in Burmese script for this statement is not correct. “<i>ba</i>” is used instead of “<i>tha.</i>” A large size Burmese numeral value “1” in pink appears at center as underprint. On the right side, within a light green circular field, is a drawing of a peacock. The circular shape at the left is the watermark window for the image of dancing peacock. Also on the lower left, in red, is the serial number of this note in English. The printer’s name, Thomas De la Rue & Company Limited appears at the bottom center.</div>
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The reverse side of the note is light grayish green. It also has an off-white margin and a dark green decorative frame within it. In the upper and lower corners, as on the obverse, the denomination appears in Roman numerals and Burmese scripts. The banknote issuer “Government of Burma” is printed at the top center. The central design is an illustration of sailing boats a down wind with a mountain range in the background. On the left side, in a circle of floral arabesque design, is the denomination of the bank note, one rupee, is in English. A circle on the right sideshows the watermark image of a dancing peacock. These banknotes were issued on February 1948. </div>
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5 rupees (1948) Government of Burma banknote (signed by R. V. N. Hopkins and Maung Kaung)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">5 RUPEES (1948)</span></div>
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This banknote is 126 x 73 mm. An illustration of a dancing peacock is at the top center and a traditional art style depicting a floral arabesque is in light brown color. Underneath this is a drawing of peacock and floral arabesque, the name of the bank note issuer in Burmese script “<i>bama naing ngan asoya</i>” signifying Government of Burma. (Like the 1 rupee banknote, the name of the banknote issuer in Burmese language appears “<i>bama</i>” for this issue, however later issues appear as “<i>myanmar</i>.”) </div>
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A scene of hills and palm trees is at center as background. An artistic drawing of a seated mythical lion (chinze or chinthe) in front of a palm tree is at the right. A watermark panel framed with two dragons tails entwined, is at the left. A statement “at all places where bank notes are issued, this note can be exchanged for 5 rupees” is written in Burmese at center, and signed by R.V.N. Hopkins, chairman, on behalf of Burmese State Currency Board and Maung Kaung, a member of the board. The last word of the statement in Burmese script for this note is not correct. It used “<i>ba</i>” instead of “<i>tha</i>”. </div>
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A large size numeral value of the note “5” in Burmese in light blue appears at the center as underprint. The watermark for this note, a dancing peacock, appears at the watermark window at left. The serial number in English is printed in red at the lower left under the watermark panel. The denomination in Burmese numbers appear in the upper left and lower right, and in Roman number at upper right and lower left corners. The printer’s name, Thomas De la Rue & Company Limited, is printed at the bottom center.</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The reverse of the banknote is in brown. A young girl in traditional Burmese dress is spinning a cotton wheel in the foreground, and behind her a lady weaving served as a main illustration. The name of the banknote issuer “Government of Burma” is at bottom center. The watermark for this note a dancing peacock appears at the watermark window at right. This banknote was issued on August 1948.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(B) <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>BANKNOTES OF “GOVERNMENT OF THE UNION OF BURMA” (1949-53)</span></div>
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When Burma became a fully independent country the encashment facilities provided in India for Burma notes including the Burma Currency Board and the British Military Administration were no longer considered appropriate and were withdrawn on May 1, 1950. On June 1, the pre-war Burma notes and the British Military Administration overprints were demonetized in Burma although as usual exchange was possible at Government Treasuries until to December 31, 1950 initially, and then to March 31, 1951, and finally to January 15, 1952.</div>
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The Union of Bank of Burma Act, 1952, which was passed by the Chamber of Deputies on March 17, 1952, changed the monetary system through a new method of currency issue, involving the commercial banks and the Union Bank of Burma. This Act changed the official name of the Burmese monetary unit from the rupee to the kyat, divided into one hundred pyas. Burma was no longer on a rigid sterling exchange system. </div>
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The first proofs of the 10 and 100 rupee notes in July 1947 used the heading “Government of Burma.” When Burma became a republic, the heading was changed to “Government of the Union of Burma.”</div>
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Eventhough the title of the banknote issuer’s name in Burmese script has changed from <i>Bama</i> to <i>Myanmar</i> , the usuage on the state currency board is still using <i>Bama</i>. </div>
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10 rupees (1949) Government of the Union of Burma banknote (signed by R. V. N. Hopkins and Maung Kaung)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">10 RUPEES (1949)</span></div>
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This banknote is 145 x 82 mm, with a security thread. The traditional art style depicts a floral arabesque in light blue. In the top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanmar naing ngan daw asoya</i>” was written in Burmese signifying Government of the Union of Burma. A drawing of a dancing peacock is in the right. A large size Burmese numeral value “10” in light blue with pink shadow appears at center as underprint. Underneath “at all places where bank notes are issued, this note can be exchanged for 10 rupees” is written in Burmese, and signed by R.V.N. Hopkins, chairman, on behalf of Burmese State Currency Board and Maung Kaung, member of the board. A rectangular watermark panel framing with a floral is in the left. The watermark for this note is a dancing peacock shown at the watermark window. The small scale head of a mythical lion facing to left is depicted at bottom center. A wash of pale pink vertically shoots through at the center of the note. The serial numbers of the note in English appears at the lower left and upper right in red. Eventhough the title of the banknote issuer in Burmese has change into “myanmar,” the usuage for the currency board is still “bama.”</div>
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On the reverse at the top center is a drawing of a head of a mythical lion. The note issuer “Government of the Union of Burma” in English is underneath that. This banknote is in light blue. An elephant lifting a log signifying teak as one of the main exports from Burma serves as a main illustration of this note. The watermark for this note, a dancing peacock appears at the right window. These banknotes were printed by Thomas De la Rue & Company Limited and issued on December 1, 1949.</div>
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100 rupees (1950) Government of the Union of Burma banknote (signed by R. V. N. Hopkins and Maung Kaung)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">100 RUPEES (1950)</span></div>
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This banknote is 171 x 106 mm with a security thread. The traditional art style depicting a floral arabesque in green is at the top center with “<i>pyidaung zu myanmar naing ngan daw asoya</i>” written in Burmese signifying Government of the Union of Burma. A drawing of a dancing peacock is at center. The head of a mythical lion is depicted on the right panel. Underneath the dancing peacock “at all places where bank notes are issued, this note can be exchanged for 100 rupees” written in Burmese at the center, and signed by R.V.N. Hopkins, chairman, on behalf of Burmese State Currency Board and Maung Kaung, member of the board. The image of a dancing peacock appears as a watermark in the watermark window at left. The serial numbers of the note in English appears at the bottom left and upper right in red ink. Underneath the serial number of the botom left, the date “Rangoon 1st January 1948” is printed inside a floral frame of the banknote. Interesting thing is that the actual agreement date of the Burma’s independence from British is January 1, 1948. However most of the Burmese politicians are strongly believe in astrology and by the astrologers advised Burma to announce her independence on January 4, 1948. Eventhough the title of the banknote issuer in Burmese has change into “myanmar,” the usuage for the currency board is still “bama.”</div>
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On the reverse at top center is a small scale drawing of the head of a mythical lion along with a floral arabesque. The name of banknote issuer “Government of the Union of Burma” in English is underneath. The color of the banknote is light blue. A farmer is ploughing in the paddy field with a pair of oxen. (There is no rope for the oxen). The illustration shows that a main product of Burma is rice. This illustration duplicates the one of the Japanese issued stamps for Burma.The watermark for this note a dancing peacock appears at the watermark window at the right. </div>
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Although Maung Kaung was replaced with U Saw Win of the Currency Board in December 1949, it was decided not to cause confusion by changing the signature. Thomas De la Rue <i>&</i> Company Limited printed these banknotes. These 100 rupee banknotes were issued on January 3, 1950 and demonetized on January 1, 1960.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(C) BANKNOTES OF “UNION BANK OF BURMA” (1953-65)</span></div>
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The Union Bank of Burma was established on February 3, 1948 and was given the exclusive right to issue banknotes in Burma. U San Lin, who had been currency officer with the currency board, was not the general manager of the Union Bank. On November 28, 1951 he ordered Rs 40 crores of notes from De la Rue with the Union Bank of Burma heading and his signature. These notes were of the same design as the Burma Currency Board issues: on the obverse the title is changed to Union Bank of Burma and the signature of San Lin replaced those of R.V.N. Hopkins and Maung Kaung. The currency department of Union Bank of Burma took over the responsibility for note issue on July 1, 1952. The government notification allowed the Union Bank to issue the Burma Currency Board notes to the end of June 1953. The Burma Currency Board overprints were demonetized on December 20, 1952 and ceased to be exchangeable at Government Treasuries after July 20, 1953. The Union Bank of Burma 1, 5, 10, 100 notes with the “Rupee” denominations were later replaced with “Kyat.” </div>
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1 rupee (1953) Union Bank of Burma banknote (signed by San Lin)</div>
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1 RUPEE (1953)</div>
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This banknote is 108 x 66 mm with a traditional art style depicting a floral arabesque in gray. The background is light green on the left and right, and light pink in the center, with a dancing peacock in a circle on the right. The image of a dancing peacock appears as watermark at the watermark window on the left. In the top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw ban</i>” is printed in Burmese signifying Union Bank of Burma. Underneath that also written in Burmese is “at all places where bank notes are issued, this note can be exchanged for 1 silver coin.” A large size Burmese numeral value “1” in pink appears at center as underprint. This banknote is signed by San Lin, managing director, on behalf of Union Bank of Burma. A wash of pale pink vertically shoots through at the center of the note. The serial numbers of the note in English appears at the lower left in red. The image of a dancing peacock appears as the water mark at the watermark window on the left. </div>
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On the reverse at top center is the designation “Union Bank of Burma” in English. One large and two small boats are sailing with a mountain rang in the background. On the left side, in a circle of floral arabesque design, is the denomination of the bank note, ONE RUPEE, in English. The watermark for this note a dancing peacock, appears at the watermark window at right. This note has a security thread and printed by Thomas De la Rue <i>&</i> Company Limited and issued on January 20, 1953.</div>
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5 rupees (1953) Union Bank of Burma banknote (signed by San Lin)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">5 RUPEES (1953)</span></div>
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This banknote is 126 x 73 mm with a dancing peacock and art style depicting a floral arabesque in light brown color on the top center. An artistic drawing of a sitting Chinze (chinthe or mythical lion) in front of a palm tree is at the right. A large size numeral value of the note “5” in Burmese in light blue appears at the center as underprint. The image of a dancing peacock appears as watermark at the watermark window at left. The dancing peacock is the watermark for this note. In the center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw ban</i>” is printed in Burmese signifying Royal Union of Burma States Bank. Underneath at the center also written in Burmese is “at all places where bank notes are issued, this note can be exchanged for 5 rupees”. This note is signed by San Lin, managing director on behalf of Union Bank of Burma. The serial numbers of the note in English appears at the lower left and upper right in red.</div>
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The reverse of the banknote is in brown. A young girl in traditional Burmese dress is spinning a cotton wheel in the foreground, and behind her a lady weaving is depicted as a main illustration. The name of the banknote issuer “Union Bank of Burma” written in English shows at the bottom center. The watermark for this note, a dancing peacock appears at the watemark window at right. These banknotes were printed by Thomas De la Rue <i>&</i> Company Limited and issued in January 1953.</div>
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10 rupees (1953) Union Bank of Burma banknote (signed by San Lin)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">10 RUPEES (1953)</span></div>
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This banknote is 145 x 82 mm with a security thread. The traditional art style depicting a floral arabesque is in light blue. In the top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw ban</i>” is written in Burmese signifying Royal Union of Burma States Bank. A drawing of a dancing peacock is on the right circle. The watermark for this note a dancing peacock appears at the watemark window at left. Underneath the name of banknote issuer, “at all places where bank notes are issued, this note can be exchanged for 10 rupees” is printed in Burmese. A large size Burmese numeral value “10” in light blue with pink shadow appears at center as underprint. And this note is signed by San Lin, managing director on behalf of Union Bank of Burma. A wash of pale pink vertically shoots through at the center of the note. The small scale head of a mythical lion is depicted at bottom center on the observe of this note. The serial numbers of the note in English appears at the lower left and upper right in red.</div>
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On the reverse at top center is a drawing of the head of a mythical lion. The name of the banknote issuer “Union Bank of Burma” is printed underneath it. This banknote is in light blue. An elephant lifting a log, as a main illustration for this note, suggests that teak is one of the main exports from Burma. The watermark for this note the dancing peacock shows at the watermark window at right. These banknotes were printed by Thomas De la Rue <i>&</i> Company Limited and issued in January 1953.</div>
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100 rupees (1953) Union Bank of Burma banknote (signed by San Lin)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">100 RUPEES (1953) </span></div>
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This banknote with security thread is 171 x 106 mm. The traditional art style depicting a floral arabesque is in green. At the top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw ban</i>” is written in Burmese signifying Royal Union of Burma States Bank. A drawing of a dancing peacock is at center. The watermark for this note a dancing peacock appears at the watemark window at left. The head of a mythical lion is depicted on the right panel. Underneath the image of a dancing peacock “at all places where bank notes are issued, this note can be exchanged for 100 kyats” is written in Burmese, and is signed by San Lin, managing director, on behalf of Union Bank of Burma. The serial numbers of the note in English appears at the upper right and lower left in red. The beautiful drawing of a dragon appears at the left and right side of the frame for this note. A small scale drawing of two lions sitting back to back of each other is depicted in the bottom part of the floral frame.</div>
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On the reverse at top center is a drawing of a head of mythical lion. The name of the banknote issuer “Union Bank of Burma” in English is underneath. This banknote is in light blue. A farmer is ploughing in the paddy field with a pair of oxen. (There is no rope for the oxen). The watermark for this note is a peacock at right window. These banknotes were printed by Thomas De la Rue <i>&</i> Company Limited. These 1953 Union Bank of Burma notes had the “Rupee” denomination (1, 5, 10, 100 rupees) later corrected to “Kyat.”</div>
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A second issue of banknotes was made in 1958. These banknotes were of the same design as the 1948-53 banknotes. The main portrait of a dancing peacock or a lion head was replaced with a portrait of General Aung San with peaked cap. The 1, 5, 10 and 100-kyats were introduced on “Union Day” February 12, 1958, and 20 and 50-kyats on August 21, the first issue of 20 and 50-kyats notes made for Burma. There were slight differences of color, and the serial numbers were now entirely in Burmese instead of Roman. As with the first series, all notes except the 1 kyat have a security thread.</div>
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1 kyat (1958) Union Bank of Burma banknote (signed by San Lin)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">1 KYAT (1958)</span></div>
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This banknote is 108 x 66 mm with a traditional art style depicting a floral arabesque in gray. The background is in light green on the left and right, and light pink in the center, a portrait of General Aung San with a peaked cap as he appeared on his visit to London in 1947, is at the right circle. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San appears at the watemark window at left. In top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw ban</i>” written in Burmese signifys the Union Bank of Burma. Underneath that “at all places where bank notes are issued this note can be exchanged for 1 silver coin kyat” is written in Burmese, and signed by San Lin, managing director, on behalf of Union Bank of Burma. The serial numbers of the note in Burmese script appears at the lower left in red. </div>
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The reverse of this banknote is in light gray. The name of the issuer “Union Bank of Burma” is printed at top center. The Burmese boats sailing down wind with a mountainous background is depicted as a main illustration. The reflection of the sky, the mountains and sailing boats are shown on the surface of a river. The watermark for this banknote is General Aung San and it appears at the watermark window at right. These banknotes were printed by Thomas De la Rue <i>&</i> Company Limited and issued on February 12, 1958.</div>
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5 kyats (1958) Union Bank of Burma banknote (signed by San Lin)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">5 KYATS (1958)</span></div>
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This banknote is 73 x 126 mm with a dancing peacock at the top center. A traditional art style depicting a floral arabesque as a frame is in light brown. A portrait of General Aung San with a peaked cap is at the right. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San appears at the watemark window at left. In the center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw ban</i>” written in Burmese signifys the Royal Union of Burma States Bank. Underneath “at all places where bank notes are issued this note can be exchanged for 5 kyats” is also written in Burmese, and signed by San Lin, managing director, on behalf of Union Bank of Burma. The serial numbers in Burmese script appears at the lower left and upper right in red.</div>
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The reverse of the banknote is in brown. As the main illustration a young girl is spinning a cotton wheel in the foreground with a Burmese lady weaving behind her. At the bottom center “Union Bank of Burma” is written in English. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San appears at the watemark window at right. These banknotes were printed by Thomas De la Rue <i>&</i> Company Limited and issued on February 12, 1958.</div>
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10 kyats (1958) Union Bank of Burma banknote (signed by San Lin)</div>
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10 KYATS (1958)</div>
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This banknote is 145 x 82 mm with a security thread. A traditional art style depicting a floral arabesque is in light blue. A portrait of General Aung San with a peaked cap is at the right. A large size Burmese numeral value “10” in light blue with pink shadow appears at center as underprint. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San appears at the watemark window at left. In the top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw ban</i>” written in Burmese signifys the Royal Union of Burma States Bank. Underneath that at center “at all places where bank notes are issued this note can be exchanged for 10-kyats” is also written in Burmese. This note was signed by San Lin, managing director on behalf of Union Bank of Burma. A drawing of a small scale drawing of a mythical lion is at the bottom center. The serial numbers of the note in Burmese appears at the upper right and lower left in red.</div>
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On the reverse at top center a small scale drawing of the head of a mythical lion is depicted. The name of the banknote issuer “Union Bank of Burma” in English is underneath it. This banknote is in light blue. At the center, an elephant lifting a teak log, as the main illustration for this note, tells teak as one of the main exports from Burma. At the right of the main illustration is the watermark spot. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San appears at the watemark window at right. These banknotes were printed by Thomas De la Rue <i>&</i> Company Limited and issued on February 12, 1958.</div>
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20 kyats (1958) Union Bank of Burma banknote (signed by San Lin)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">20 KYATS (1958)</span></div>
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This banknote is 149 x 86 mm with a security thread. The traditional art style depicting a floral arabesque is in violet. A portrait of General Aung San with a peaked cap is at the right. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San appears at the watemark window at left. In the top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw ban</i>” written in Burmese signifys the Royal Union of Burma States Bank. Underneath that at center “at all places where bank notes are issued this note can be exchanged for 20-kyats” is written in Burmese also. The note is signed by San Lin, managing director, on behalf of Union Bank of Burma. The serial numbers of the note in Burmese script appears at the lower left and upper right in red.</div>
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On the reverse at top center there is a small scale drawing of the head of a mythical lion. The sentence “Union Bank of Burma” is underneath that. This banknote is in light violet. A group of women planting rice in a field serves as a main illustration at center. This illustration also signifys that rice is a main export of Burma. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San appears in the watemark window at the right. These banknotes were printed by Thomas De la Rue <i>&</i> Company Limited and issued on August 21, 1958.</div>
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50 kyats (1958) Union Bank of Burma banknote (signed by San Lin)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">50 KYATS (1958)</span></div>
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This banknote is 153 x 90 mm with a security thread. The traditional art style depicting a floral arabesque is in light brown. A portrait of General Aung San with a peaked cap is at the right. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San appears at the watemark window at the left. In the top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw ban</i>” written in Burmese signify the Royal Union of Burma States Bank. Underneath that at center is “at all places where bank notes are issued this note can be exchanged for 50 kyats” is written in Burmese also. This note is signed by San Lin, managing director, on behalf of Union Bank of Burma. A small scale drawing of a mythical lion’s head is at the bottom center. The serial numbers of the note in Burmese script appears at the lower left and upper right in red.</div>
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On the reverse of this banknote, the name of the note issuer “Union Bank of Burma” is printed in English at the top center. This banknote is in light violet. The Mandalay moat as a main illustration is shown in the center. The reflection of moat, trees and clouds are shown on the surface of the canal. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San appears at the watemark window at right. These banknotes were printed by Thomas De la Rue <i>&</i> Company Limited, and issued on August 21, 1958 and demonetized on May 17, 1964.</div>
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100 kyats (1958) Union Bank of Burma banknote (signed by San Lin)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">100 KYATS (1958) </span></div>
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This banknote is 160 x 100 mm with a security thread. The traditional art style depicting a floral arabesque is in green. A dancing peacock appears in the middle of the note as the main illustration. A wash of pale pink vertically shoots through on left and right of the drawing of a dancing peacock. A portrait of General Aung San with a peaked cap is at right. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San appears at the watemark window at left. In the top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw ban</i>” written in Burmese signify the Royal Union of Burma States Bank. Underneath it in the bottom center “at all places where bank notes are issued this note can be exchanged for 100 kyats” is also written in Burmese. This note is signed by San Lin, managing director, on behalf of Union Bank of Burma. The serial numbers of the note in Burmese script appears at the upper right and lower left in red. A decorative drawing of a dragon is put at the left and right side of frame for this note. A small scale drawing of two lions sitting back to back is depicted in the bottom center of the floral frame.</div>
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On the reverse, the small scale drawing of a head of a mythical lion is depicted at the top center. The name of the banknote issuer “Union Bank of Burma” in English is printed at top center. The reverse of the banknote is in green. A farmer with a pair of oxen plouging a field is depicted as the main illustration. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San appears at the watemark window at right. </div>
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This is similar to the1950 issue 100 rupees note, but the oxen now have a rope rein attached and the clouds and water surface are also slightly different. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San appears at the watemark window at right. These banknotes were printed by Thomas De la Rue <i>&</i> Company Limited, and issued on August 21, 1958 and demonetized on May 17, 1964.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(D) BANKNOTES OF THE “PEOPLES BANK OF BURMA” 1965-72</span></div>
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On March 2, 1962 the army under General Ne Win took power. The new Revolutionary Government soon embarked on a massive nationalization program, starting with the banks. On February 23, 1963 all 24 (14 foreign and 10 national) banks were taken over and renamed People’s Banks. A new measure introduced on May 17, 1964: decreed that the high denomination 50 and 100-kyats notes would no longer be legal tender from 7 p.m. that day. The new “Peoples Bank of Burma” notes of 1, 5, 10 and 20-kyats were issued on April 30, 1965, with a portrait of Aung San reflecting his wartime army days. Starting from these notes, a personal signature on behalf of the bank is not used any more on banknotes of Burma. </div>
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These banknotes are in booklet forms and perforated at he left. The denomination of the note written in Burmese printed at the left and at the right at on reverse in vertical position. These banknots have no watermark windows. The monetaryl value of these notes in Burmese are display at the bottom right and upperleft, at bottom left and upper right in English.</div>
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1 kyat (1965) People Bank of Burma banknote </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">1 KYAT (1965)</span></div>
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This banknote is 115 x 66 mm is in purple and blue gray. In the top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw pyi thu ban</i>” written in Burmese signifys Peoples Bank of the Republic of the Union of Burma. The portrait of General Aung San with an open necked shirt, a photograph taken during World War II, is drawn inside the oval shape frame at the center. On the right of the portrait of Aung San, the value of the note in large size in Roman, and at left in Burmese is displayed. A wash of pale pink vertically shoots through at the center of the note. The serial numbers of the note in Burmese appears at the lower left in red.</div>
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The reverse of the banknote is purple and blue gray. The code of arms is at the upper left. In the code of arms, the map of Burma is drawn on a circle shape frame which has three inscriptions that reads “<i>tha met ga na, ta paw, thu khaw</i>” in parli language meaning virtue and thrift make happiness. The circle and the map of Burma is surrounded by three mythical lions (one on the left, one on the right and the other one on the top center). Below that are scrolls, in which “<i>pyi daung zu tha mata myanma naing ngan daw</i>” signifying Republic of the Union of Burma. Peoples Bank of Burma is written in English under the code of arms. </div>
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A fisherman (the Intha renowned the famous Inlay lake) standing in his boat and holding up a fishing net is drawn as the main illustration at the center. This note contains blue and red threads, and has a watermark consisting of a series of semi circles. At the upper right and lower left corners of the frame, the numerical value of the note in Roman is drawn. At the upper left and lower right corners, the numerical value of the note in Burmese is shown. All serial numbers for this note are in Burmese. These notes were printed in East Berlin. This 1 kyat note was issued on April 30, 1965.</div>
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5 kyats (1965) People Bank of Burma banknote </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">5 KYATS (1965)</span></div>
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This banknote is 70 x 150 mm and is green. In top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw pyi thu ban</i>”in Burmese signifying People’s Bank of the Union of Burma States. The portrait of General Aung San with an open necked shirt is inside the oval shape frame at center as the main illustration. On the right of the portrait of Aung San, the value of the note in large size in Roman, and at left in Burmese are displayed. </div>
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At the upper right and lower left corners of the frame, the numerical value of the note in Roman is drawn. At the upper left and lower right corners, the numerical value of the note in Burmese is shown. A small scale drawing of a water lili at bottom center beneath Aung San’s portrait is shown. The serial numbers of the note appears at the lower center left in Burmese and at the upper right in English in red.</div>
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The reverse of the banknote is green. The code of arms is at the upper left. The word and numerical value of the note “<span style="font: normal normal normal 9px/normal 'Adobe Garamond Pro';">five kyats</span>” is written under the code of arms. A farmer standing along side of his cow and holding a rope rein to his cow serves as the main illustration at the center. Peoples Bank of Burma is written at the bottom center. The watermark is a pattern throughout the paper. These notes were printed in East Berlin.</div>
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10 kyats (1965) People Bank of Burma banknote </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">10 KYATS (1965)</span></div>
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This banknote is 159 x 81 mm in red brown and violet. In the top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw pyi thu ban</i>” written in Burmese signifys People’s Bank of the Union of Burma States. The portrait of Aung San with an open necked shirt is inside an oval shape frame at the center as a main illustration. On the right of the portrait of Aung San, the value of the note in large size in Roman, and at the left in Burmese are displayed. </div>
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At the upper right and lower left corners of the frame, the numerical value of the note in Roman is drawn. At the upper left and lower right corners, the numerical value of the note is shown in Burmese. </div>
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A small scale mythical lion’s head is depicted at bottom center. The serial numbers of the note appears at the lower center left in Burmese and at the upper right in English in red.</div>
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The reverse of the banknote is in red brown, and a small scale mythical lion’s head is depicted at top center. The code of arms is at the center left. The value of the note “Ten Kyats” is written under the code of arms. A woman picking cotton is depicted as the main illustration at the center right. The name of the banknote issuer “Peoples Bank of Burma” is written in English at the bottom center. At all four corner of the frame, the numerical value of this note is presented. The watermark is a pattern throughout the paper. These notes were printed in East Berlin.</div>
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20 kyats (1965) People Bank of Burma banknote </div>
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20 KYATS (1965)</div>
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This banknote is 169 x 90 mm in brown and tan. In the top center “<i>pyidaung zu myanma naing ngan daw pyi thu ban</i>” written in Burmese signifys People’s Bank of the Union of Burma States. A portrait of General Aung San wearing an open necked shirt is shown as the main illustration within an oval shape frame at the center. The large size numerical value of this note, is at the right in Roman, and in Burmese at the lower left of the Aung San’s portrait. At the upper right and lower left corners of the frame, the numerical value of the note in Roman is drawn. At the upper left and lower right corners, the numerical value of the note in Burmese is shown. The serial numbers of the note appear at the lower center left in Burmese and at the upper right in English in red. </div>
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The reverse of the banknote is brown and tan. The code arms is at the upper left. The words “twenty kyats” appears under the code of arms. “Peoples Bank of Burma” is written at the upper center. A farmer on a cultivating tractor is depicted as the main illustration at the center right. At the upper right and lower left corners of the frame, the numerical value of the note in Roman is drawn. At the upper left and lower right corners, the numerical value of the note is shown in Burmese. A small scale drawing of mythical lion’s head is at the bottom center. The watermark is a pattern throughout the paper. These notes were printed in East Berlin. </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(E) <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>BANKNOTES ISSUED BY ETHNIC GROUP OF BURMA</span></div>
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Following Burma’s independence from Britain, various insurgent armies have been in operation against the central government. Among them Shan National Army (SNA) only in Keng Tung area, managed to issue banknotes. The name of the banknote issuer in Shan scripts are printed at the top center. The value of the note which is also written in Shan script at lower center. These notes were issued in 1964-1965. </div>
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Shan National Flag</div>
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(1964) Banknote of Shan State (Tailand) Army </div>
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All notes are about 146 x 86 mm. A drawing of two tigers are straddling the globe which shows the map of the Shan state under a sparkling star is at right. The banners of “Government of Tailand” written in English and Shan script appear underneath the drawing of tighers and a globe. The code of arms, a sword and a spear crossing each other framing with the ear of paddy, is at the left. The serial numbers in Roman are printed in red at the upper left and the lower right. </div>
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On the reverse “Our country has attained the highest level” in Shan script is printed at the upper center. There are three denominations: <i>thep neung </i>(1-kyat) in blue displays the illustraions of forming the industrial society and factory; <i>ha thep </i>(5-kyats) in purple shows the modern cultivation, teak and crops productions; <i>seep thep </i>(10-kyats) in brown illustrates the health care, education and developmental works for society. All these illustrations express the goals of the government for her people.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(F) BANKNOTES OF “UNION OF BURMA BANK” (1972-87) </span></div>
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On April 30, 1972 the Peoples Bank of Burma was renamed the Union of Burma Bank (not to be confused with the earlier Union Bank of Burma although the Burmese phraseology is the same except for the omission of “daw” in the new title). During that year starting with a 25-kyats banknote, a very attractive new note series was begun, designed by Burmese traditional artists U Aye Myint and Major Aung Than. The final decision to select these banknote designs was made by General Ne Win. These banknotes were printed in Germany. Later, a quality printing press for banknotes was installed in Burma. The location of the Security Printing Press factory producing the currency notes is in Wazi, (a small town in mid western Burma) which forms part of a military complex. </div>
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All denominations of Union Bank of Burma and People’s Bank of Burma banknotes continued to be legal tender at the time of the 25-kyats issue.</div>
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1 kyat (1972) Union of Burma Bank banknote </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">1 KYAT (1972)</span></div>
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This banknote is 124 x 60 mm in light green and brown. The name of the banknote issuer “<i>pyi daung zu myanmar naing ngan ban</i>” signifying Union of Burma Bank is on the top center in Burmese. The portrait of General Aung San in a Japanese army uniform is at the left. The denomination of the note in Burmese script is in the center. A new way to spelling the value one kyat “<i>tit kyat</i>” in Burmese was introduced as General Ne Win’s advise. The numerical value of the note is at the bottom left and upper right in Burmese, at bottom right and upper left in Roman. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San to left appears at the empty space at right. The serial numbers of the note in red appear at the lower left in Burmese and at the upper right in English.</div>
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On the reverse, “Union of Burma Bank” is printed at the top center. The value of this banknote was depicted inside an ornate circle in Roman is drawn at the center left. The main illustration of this note, a spinning wheel is at the right. The denomination of the note in words one kyat in English is printed at the bottom center. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San to right appears at the empty space at left. This 1-kyat note circulated on December 30, 1972.</div>
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5 kyat (1973) Union of Burma Bank banknote </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">5 KYATS (1973)</span></div>
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This banknote is 136 x 70 mm in blue, purple and multiple colors. The name of the banknote issuer “<i>pyi daung zu myanmar naing ngan ban</i>” signifying Union of Burma Bank is on the top. The numerical value of the note in Burmese is at the upper right, at the upper left in English. The portrait of General Aung San (about to receive the Order of Rising sun Decoration from the empire of Japan on March 1943) is depicted within a floral wood carved frame on the left. The denomination of the note in Burmese script is at the center. The numerical value of the note in Burmese is at the bottom left, and in Roman at the bottom right. The serial numbers of the note in red appear at the lower left in Burmese and at the upper right in English. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San to left appears at the empty space at right.</div>
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On the reverse, a drawing of a man climbing a toddy palm tree is at the center left. The denomination of the note in words five kyats in English is printed at center with the large size Roman number 5 as underprint. The name of the banknote issuer, Union of Burma Bank, is at the bottom in English. The watermark for this note Aung San to right appears at the empty space at left. This note circulated on October 31, 1973. </div>
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10 kyat (1973) Union of Burma Bank banknote </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;"> 10 KYATS (1973)</span></div>
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This banknote is 146 x 80 mm in blue, purple and multiple colors. The name of the banknote issuer “<i>pyi daung zu myanmar naing ngan ban</i>” in Burmese signifying Union of Burma Bank is on the top. At the left, a portrait of General Aung San wearing a peaked cap is in front of a floral wood carving frame bordered by two dragons. </div>
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A new way of describing the value in Burmese ten kyat “<i>tit se kyat</i>” is introduced. The word denomination of the note in Burmese script is at the center. The numerical value of the note in Burmese is at the bottom left and upper right, at bottom right and upper left in English.The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San to left appears at the empty space at right. The serial numbers of the note in red appear at the lower left in Burmese and at the upper right in English.</div>
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On the reverse, the name of the banknote issuer, Union of Burma Bank, is written at the top. In the center left, a circular tray with a stem of six dancing legendary human birds lifting the tray is illustrated inside a traditional floral frame. The large size numerical value of the note in Roman displays at the right of the main illustration. The watermark for this note, the portrait of Aung San to right appears at the empty space at the left.This 10 kyats note circulated on June 30, 1973. </div>
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20-kyats (1972) Union of Burma Bank banknote </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">25 KYATS (1972)</span></div>
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This banknote is 155 x 90 mm in brown and tan on multi colors. The name of the banknote issuer “<i>pyi daung zu myanmar naing ngan ban</i>” signifying Union of Burma Bank is at the top. The portrait of General Aung San in military uniform without a hat is inside a floral wooden frame accompanied by two lions at the left. The denomination of the note in word in Burmese script “<i>hnit se nga kyat</i>” (twenty five kyat) is at the center and twenty five kyats in English at the bottom center. The numerical value of the note in Burmese is at the bottom left and upper right, at bottom right and upper left in English. The serial numbers of the note in red appears at the lower left in Burmese and at the upper right in English. The portrait of Aung San to left appears at the empty space at right as the watermark for this note. </div>
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On the reverse, the name of the banknote issuer, Union of Burma Bank, is written on the top. A mythical winged creature depicted at center, “<i>Pin sa Rupa</i>” signifying parts from five different animals; the body of a horse, bird wings, a dragon’s head, the tail of a fish, and the trunk of an elephant. The Roman numerical value of the note in large size is at the right of the main illustration. The portrait of Aung San to right appears at the empty space at left as the watermark for this note. </div>
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This new value note was issued on September 30, 1972 and demonetized on September 5, 1987.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 9px;">50-kyats (1979) Union of Burma Bank banknote </span></div>
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50 KYATS (1979)</div>
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This note is 166 x 100 mm in brown and violet on multi colors. “The name of the banknote issuer “<i>pyi daung zu myanmar naing ngan ban</i>” signifying Union of Burma Bank is at the top. The numerical value of the note in Burmese is at the top right, at tope left in Roman. The portrait of General Aung San dressed in a cloth cap (<i>a gaung baung</i>) in traditional Burmese style is at the left. The denomination of the note in Burmese script “<i>nga se kyat</i>” (fifty kyat) shows at the center, and fifty kyats in English at the bottom center of the note. The numerical value of the note in Roman is at the bottom right, and in Burmese at bottom left. The serial numbers of the note in red appear at the lower left in Burmese and at the upper right in English. The portrait of Aung San to left appears at the empty space at right as the watermark for this note. </div>
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On the reverse, the name of the banknote issuer, Union of Burma Bank, is written at the top. A galon (mythical creature; half human, half bird) astride a dragon, in a dancing posture is illustrated at center left. This illustration insinuates that Saya San, a peasant leader opposed to British rule, used the flag with a mythical big bird seizing a dragon, symbolized Burmese success against the British. The denomination of the note fifty kyats is printed at center with the numerical value 50 in large size as underprint. The portrait of Aung San to right appears at the empty space at left as the watermark for this note. </div>
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This note was issued on July, 1979 and demonetized on November 3, 1985.</div>
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100-kyats (1976) Union of Burma Bank banknote </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">100 KYATS (1976)</span></div>
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This banknote is 176 x 11 mm in blue, green and multi colors. The name of the banknote issuer “<i>pyi daung zu myanmar naing ngan ban</i>” signifying Union of Burma Bank is at the top. The numerical value of the note in Burmese is at the top right. A new way of spelling the value “<i>tit yar kyat</i>” (one hundred kyat) is introduced. The portrait of General Aung San in traditional Burmese dress with a cloth cap is at the left. The denomination of the note in Burmese script is at the center, and in English at the bottom. The numerical value of the note in Roman shows at the bottom right, and in Burmese at the bottom left. The serial numbers of the note in red appear at the lower left in Burmese and at the upper right in English. The portrait of Aung San to left appears at the empty space at right as the watermark for this note. </div>
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On the reverse, the name of the banknote issuer, Union of Burma Bank, is written at the top. A drawing of a musical string instrument, a Burmese harp is the main illustration at the center. The Roman numerical value of the note is printed in large type with the traditional art style depicting of floral arabesque background at the right. The denomination of the note “one hundred kyats” is written at the bottom. The portrait of Aung San to right appears at the empty space at left as the watermark for this note. </div>
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This 100-kyats note circulated on April 16, 1976 and was demonetized on November 3, 1985.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(G) <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>UNUSUAL DENOMINATION BANKNOTES OF “UNION OF BURMA BANK” (1985-87)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 9px;">15-kyats (1986) Union of Burma Bank banknote</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">15-KYATS (1986)</span></div>
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This banknote is 150 x 71 mm in blue gray, green on red and multi color. “The name of the banknote issuer “<i>pyi daung zu myanmar naing ngan ban</i>” signifying Union of Burma Bank is at the top right. The numerical value of the note in Burmese is at the top right. A new way of spelling the value “<i>tit se nga kyat</i>” (fifteen kyat) is introduced. A portrait of General Aung San in military uniform without hat (same as 25-kyats note) is at the left. The denomination of the note in Burmese script is at the center right. The numerical value of the note in Roman shows at the bottom right, and in Burmese at the bottom left. </div>
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The serial numbers of the note in red appear at the lower center right in Burmese and at the upper left in English. The portrait of Aung San to right appears at the empty space at leftt as the watermark for this note. </div>
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On the reverse, “<i>thu nge daw,</i>” a mythical royal page dancer, is at the left. The denomination of the note fifteen kyats in English is at the center right along with a traditional floral illustration. The name of the banknote issuer, Union of Burma Bank, is written at the bottom right. The portrait of Aung San to left appears at the empty space at right as the watermark for this note. </div>
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This new value note was issued on September 30, 1986.</div>
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35-kyats (1986) Union of Burma Bank banknote </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">35 KYATS (1986)</span></div>
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This banknote is 155 x 74 mm in brown violet and purple on multi colors. “The name of the banknote issuer “<i>pyi daung zu myanmar naing ngan ban</i>” signifying Union of Burma Bank is at the top right. The numerical value of the note in Burmese is at the top right. The denomination of the note in Burmese script “<i>thone se nga kyat</i>” (thirty five kyats) displays in the center right. The portrait of General Aung San in military uniform (same as notes of 1958) is at the left. A mythical hintha bird is behind the portrait of Aung San. The numerical value of the note in Roman shows at the bottom right, and in Burmese at the bottom left. The serial numbers of the note in red appear at the lower center right in Burmese and at the upper left in English. The portrait of Aung San to right appears at the empty space at left as the watermark for this note. </div>
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On the reverse, a wood sculture of Sakka (the lord of the first and second levels of existence of the nat devas), a rabbit in the moon in a wood curving floral design at the left, and a mythical <i>hintha</i> (Brahminy duck) are illustrated at the center right. The denomination of the note thirty five kyats in English is at the center right. The name of the banknote issuer, Union of Burma Bank, is written at the bottom. The numerical value of the note in Roman shows at the bottom right, and in Burmese at bottom left. The portrait of Aung San to left appears at the empty space at right as the watermark for this note. </div>
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This new value note was issued on September 30, 1986 and demonetized on September 5, 1987.</div>
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45-kyats (1987) Union of Burma Bank banknote </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;"> 45-KYATS (1987)</span></div>
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This banknote is 158 x 75 mm in blue and gray on multi colors. The name of the banknote issuer “<i>pyi daung zu myanmar naing ngan ban</i>” signifying Union of Burma Bank is written across the top. The numerical value of the note in Burmese is at the top right. The portrait of the renouned workers movement leader Thakin (master) Po Hla Gyi, iron chain hanging around his neck, is at right center. The denomination of the note in Burmese script “<i>lay se nga kyat</i>” (forty five kyats) is at the center left of the main illustration. The numerical value of the note in Roman shows at the bottom right, and in Burmese at bottom left. The serial numbers of the note in red appear at the lower center right in Burmese and at the upper left in English. The portrait of Thakin Po Hla Gyi appears at the empty space at left as the watermark for this note. </div>
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On the reverse, the name of the note issuer “Union of Burma Bank” is written across the top. A drawing of workers in an oil field is at center. The denomination of the note fifty five kyats is written at the bottom center. The numerical value of the note in Roman shows at the bottom right, and in Burmese at the bottom left. The portrait of Thakin Po Hla Gyi appears at the empty space at right as the watermark for this note. </div>
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This new value note was issued on September 22, 1987. </div>
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75-kyats (1987) Union of Burma Bank banknote </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">75 KYATS (1985)</span></div>
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This banknote is 160 x 77 mm and the color in gray and green on multi colors. The name of the banknote issuer “<i>pyi daung zu myanmar naing ngan ban</i>” signifying Union of Burma Bank is written across the top right. The numerical value of the note in Burmese is at the top right corner. The portrait of smiling General Aung San in traditional Burmese dress with a cloth cap is in the center. The denomination of the note in word in Burmese script “<i>khu hnit se nga kyat</i>” (seventy five kyat) is at the right center of the main illustration. The numerical value of the note in Roman shows at the bottom right, and in Burmese at bottom left. The serial numbers of the note in red appear at the lower center right in Burmese and at the upper left in English. The portrait of Aung San to right appears at the empty space at left as the watermark for this note. </div>
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On the reverse, a “<i>law ka nat</i>” (deity revered by the world, as a celestial peacemaker, usually depicted in a dancing posture with the feet holding a timing cymbals) is shown at the left as a main illustration. The denomination of this note seventy five kyats is at the center right along side a floral design. The name of the note issuer “Union of Burma Bank” is written across the bottom. The portrait of Aung San to left appears at the empty space at right as the watermark for this note. The numerical value of the note in Roman shows at the bottom right, and in Burmese at the bottom left. This new value note was issued on September 30, 1985, Burma’s dictator General Ne Win’s 75th birthday. This banknote was demonetized on September 5, 1987.</div>
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90-kyats (1987) Union of Burma Bank banknote </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">90-KYATS (1987)</span></div>
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This banknote is 167 x 79 mm in blue and green on multi colors. “The name of the banknote issuer “<i>pyi daung zu myanmar naing ngan ban</i>” signifying Union of Burma Bank is written across the top center left. The numerical value of the note in Burmese is at the top right corner. The portrait of Saya San, a renouned peasant leader is depicted at the right center. The denomination of the note in Burmese script “<i>koe se kyat</i>” (ninety kyats) is at the center left of the main illustration. The numerical value of the note in English shows at the bottom right, and in Burmese at the bottom left. The serial numbers of the note in red appear at the lower center right in Burmese and at the upper left in English. The portrait of Saya San appears at the empty space at left as the watermark for this note. </div>
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On the reverse, the name of the note issuer “Union of Burma Bank” is written across the top. A drawing of a farmer plowing a field with his oxen is at the left center, and a group of female farmers planting rice in a paddy field, is at the center right. The denomination of the note “ninety kyats” is written at the bottom center. The numerical value of the note in Roman shows at the bottom right, and in Burmese at bottom left. The portrait of Saya San appears at the empty space at right as the watermark for this note.This new value note was issued on September 22, 1987. </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-size: large;">Conclusion</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">During the sunset days of General Ne Win, the issue of banknotes did not follow international banknote issuing rules and regulations. Many political and personal influences were involved in banknote issuing sectors. In addition, these banknotes were wipen out of circulation many times because of demonetizing. Finally, the military government changed the name of the country from Burma to Myanmar in 1989 and issued new banknotes with new designs and new values. Consumer prices skyrocketed after the military took power, and the old design banknotes were hardly compatible with the elevated prices. Today, only banknotes of higher value denominations but lower standard quality are issued by the current government of Burma.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Banknotes in the unusual denominations of 15-kyats, 35-kyats, 45-kyats, 75-kyats, 90-kyats, the portrait of General Aung San was the main illustration on the obverse except on 45-kyats and 90-kyats. On the 45-kyats note, the portrait of oil production workers’ leader <i>Thakhin</i> Po Hla Gyi was shown. The portrait of farmer revolutionary leader Saya San was depicted on the 90-kyats banknote. On the reverse of banknotes, a mythical royal page dancer on 15-kyats, a wood sculpture of Sakka on 35-kyats, oil works on 45-kyats, a wood sculpture of <i>Law Ka Nat</i> on 75-kyats, farmers on 90-kyats were drawn. Traditional designs, arts, legendary symbols, scenes of ordinary people’s lives were used on these banknotes.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">In the future, the issue of banknotes should follow the international banknote issuing standard guidelines. Designs and illustrations should reflect legendary and historical aspects of the country, its founders and leaders. Ideally, the most admired and respected persons such as <i>Thakhin</i> Ko daw Hmaing should be honored on these banknotes. Just showing the image of a lion or elephant signifies a power holder’s challenge to the people. Banknotes are like the faces of all Burma’s people and must be diverse, beautiful and enduring. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #990000; font-size: small;">I would appreciate any suggestions and advice towards providing more complete knowledge about the Banknotes of Burma. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #990000; font-size: small;">If you have any Banknotes from Burma, please let me borrow for the better scan quality images and more research. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Thank You.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Min Sun Min</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">please contact with me for any suggestions and advices. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #990000; font-size: small;">burmaglance@gmail.com</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">– Credits –</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Most of these images are from various Websites and “The Coins and Banknotes of Burma” by M. Robinson and L. A. Shaw, Pardy & Son (Printers) Ltd., </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Ringwood, Hampshire, England, 1980.</span></span><br />
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<br /></div>Min Sun Minhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04962904901600922564noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-765756180883992665.post-39153325407204551372012-01-24T05:10:00.000-08:002012-02-13T05:48:39.359-08:00<br />
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CHAPTER III</div>
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The Japanese Occupation and Military Administration of Burma period (1942-47)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">(A) BANKNOTES OF JAPANESE GOVERNMENT (1942-45)</span></div>
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Burma had been a source of unrest in the Pacific area for several years when the World War II broke out. A strong movement for independence had developed there, supported by Prime Minister U Saw. He admired Japan and supported the training of agents to overthrow the British. The British, not willing to grant Burma independence, arrested U Saw to thwart his efforts. On January 18, 1942, the day U Saw was arrested, General Shojiro and his Japanese 15th Army moved from northern Thailand and took the sea port and airfield of Tavoy in southern Burma. By January the Japanese had captured Moulmein, and on March 7, Rangoon. After Mandalay fell on May 21, the British retreated into India, marking the end of British influence. </div>
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The Japanese War Ministry made initial requests for military notes for certain unspecified areas as early as January 16, 1941. On April 1 of that year the Cabinet Printing Office was ordered to produce the first notes for the Dutch East Indies and Malaya. </div>
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Small denomination banknotes of 1, 5, and 10 cents were prepared from a common design and size for each value, but with a different color and code letter for the five areas. The code letters for Burma began with B. These notes had no watermarks. All notes are headed with the phrase the japanese government written in English. Denominations from 50 cents upwards had a quatrefoil watermark, a common border but individual central design with a picture appropriate for each country—pagodas being the choice for Burma. On April 1, 1942 the Japanese government established the Southern Development Bank to act as the central bank for all occupied territories. </div>
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The Yokohama Specie Bank was opend in August 1942. Two months later, the Nampo Kaihatu Kinko (Southern Regions Treasury) Bank was opened. At the beginning of October 1942 Japanese notes with a letter M were in circulation in Burma, thought to be printed for Malaya. Denominations known were 1, 5, 10, 50 cents, 5 and 10 dollars, with the three highest values having a “promise to pay”. Notes with prefix B were reported for 1/4, 1/2, 1, and 5 rupees. It was also noted that there was no promise to pay. The 1, 5, and 10 cents were issued in October 1943. The 1/4, 1/2, 1 and 5 rupees were issued in March 1942 while the watermarked 10 rupees, the 10 rupee with silk thread and the 100 rupees were issued in 1942, 1944, and 1945, respectively. </div>
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On August 1, 1943, the commander of the Japanese forces in Burma declared a withdrawl as an occupation force and Burma became an “independent and sovereign state.” Dr. Ba Maw, a former prime minister under the British, was appointed as the Adipadi (head of the state) of Burma. Japan kept troops in Burma, allegedly to protect against invasion from India but actually to continue the occupation. The overall climate remained one of oppression, and certainly did not resemble independence. Economically, Japan continued to exploit Burma’s resources, especially agricultural products.</div>
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1 cent (1942) Japanese Government Bank banknote for Burma </div>
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1 CENT (1942)</div>
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This banknote is 95 x 46 mm in red on light green blue background. “THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT” and the value ONE CENT in English in large type is at the center in red ink printed over light green blue together with the number 1 in white. One of the following code letters—BA, BB, BC, BE, BG, BH, BJ, BK, BL, BM, BN, BO, BR, BS, BT, BU, BV, BY, BZ; or fractional code letters B/AA, B/AB, B/AC, B/AD, B/AE, B/AG, B/AF, B/AH, B/AI, B/AJ, B/AK, B/AL, B/AM, B/AO, B/AP, B/AQ, B/AR, B/AS, B/AT, B/AY, B/AZ; B/BB, B/BD, B/BF, B/BW, B/BX, B/BY, B/BZ; B/CA, B/CB, B/CC, B/CD, B/CE, B/CF, B/CG, B/CK, B/CL, B/CM, B/CN, B/CO, B/CP, B/CQ, B/CR, B/CS, B/CT, B/CU, B/CV, B/CW, B/CX, CY; B/DA, B/DD, B/DE, B/DF, B/DH, B/DI, B/DJ, B/DK, B/DL, B/DQ, B/DT; and B/EF, B/EL, B/EN—was printed in red ink. The numeral value in white was printed at each corner. </div>
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At bottom center, “Government of Great Imperial Japan” in Japanese characters is printed with white on red at the center. “Minister of Finance” in Japanese characters inside the circular seal is located at the lower left side. The reverse design is a simple depicting of a floral arabesque, in red, as background. A large size numeral value in white is at the center and at each of the four corners. No watermark was present for this banknote.</div>
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5 cents (1942) Japanese Government Bank banknote for Burma </div>
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5 CENTS (1942)</div>
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This banknote 100 x 48 mm is in violet and light green. “THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT” and “FIVE CENTS” in English in large type are printed at the center. One of the code letters, BA, BB, BC, BD, BE, BF, BG, BH, BI, BJ, BK, BL, BM, BN, BO, BR, BS, BT, BU; or fractional code letters B/AB, B/AH, B/AI, B/AJ, B/AK, B/AL, B/AM, B/AN, B/AO, B/AP, B/AQ, B/AR, B/AS, B/AT, B/AU, B/AV, B/AX, B/AY; B/BA, B/BB, B/BC, B/BD, B/BE, B/BF, B/BG, B/BH, B/BJ, B/BK, B/BL, B/BM, B/BN, B/BO, B/BP, B/BO, B/BQ, B/BR, B/BS, B/BT, B/BX is printed in red ink on the obverse side of this note. At bottom center, “Government of Great Imperial Japan” in Japanese characters is printed in white on light blue shape at the center. The Roman numeral V appears just above that. “Minister of Finance” in Japanese script at the bottom center. A circular seal of the Government of Japan is located at the lower left side. The numeral value of the note in white is printed in the upper left and right corners. The reverse displays a violet floral arabesque, in violet color, as background. A large size numeral value in white is at the center and at each of the four corners. No watermark is present with this particular banknote.</div>
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10 cents (1942) Japanese Government Bank banknote for Burma </div>
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10 CENTS (1942)</div>
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This banknote 106 x 51 mm is in brown and tan. “THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT”, at top center and TEN CENTS in large type is at the center. Any one of code letters, BA, BB, BC, BD, BE, BF, BG, BH, BI, BJ, BK, BL, BM, BN, BO, BR, BS, BU, BV, BW, BY, BZ; or fractional code letters B/AA, B/AB, B/AC, B/AH, B/AI, B/AJ, B/AL, B/AM, B/AR is printed on obverse in brown ink. At bottom center, “Government of Great Imperial Japan” in Japanese script printed in white on brown in a rectangular shape is at center. “Minister of Finance” in Japanese script inside the circular seal is at lower left side. The numeral value of the banknote is printed in white at each corner. The reverse displays a floral arabesque in brown tan as a frame. A large size numeral value in white is at the center and at each corner. There is no watermark for this note.</div>
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1/4 cents (1942) Japanese Government Bank banknote for Burma</div>
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1/4 RUPEE (1942)</div>
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This banknote 107 x 51 mm is in blue and tan. “THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT” at the top center, and 1/4 RUPEE in large type is at the center. One of the code letters, BA, BB, BC, BD, BE, BF, BG, BJ, BK, BM, BN, BO, BP, BQ, BR, BS, BV BA, BB, BC, BD, BE, BF, BG, BJ, BK, BM, BN, BO, BP, BQ, BR, BS, BV is printed in red ink on the obverse. At bottom center, “Government of Great Imperial Japan” in Japanese script is printed in white with a blue shadow in a rectangular shape. “Minister of Finance” in Japanese script, is inside the circular seal at lower left side. The numeral value of this banknote is printed in white at each corner. The reverse displays a floral arabesque in blue and tan as a frame. A large size numeral value in white is at the center and at each corner. There is no watermark for this note.</div>
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1/2 rupee (1942) Japanese Government Bank banknote for Burma </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25;">1/2 RUPEE (1942)</span></div>
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This banknote is 120 x 58 mm with an olive and pale green background. The banknote issuer “the japanese government ” and half rugee in large type is at left. The drawing of the Ananda Temple of Pagan along with palm trees and a bullock carts is at the right. One of the code letters, BA, BB, BC, BD is printed on obverse in red ink. At the bottom center, “Government of Great Imperial Japan” in Japanese characters is printed in white over olive in a rectangular shape at center. “Minister of Finance” in Japanese character is inside the circular seal at lower left side. The numeral value of the banknote is printed in white at each corner. The reverse is a display of floral arabesque in an olive background. A large size numeral value in white is at left and right. </div>
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1 rupee (1942) Japanese Government Bank banknote for Burma </div>
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1 RUPEE (1942)</div>
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This banknote is 141 x 67 mm, green and pink in color. The title of the banknote “the japanese government”, and the value, one rupee in large size type in English is printed at the center. A floral arabesque in pink is printed in the center as background. A fruitful pawpaw tree is shown at the left and a panel framing the value is in front of the tree. </div>
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The drawing of the Ananda Temple of Pagan along with palm trees and bullock carts, is at right. One of code letters, BA, BB, BC, BD is printed on the obverse in red ink. At the bottom center, “Government of Great Imperial Japan” in Japanese script is printed in white over olive in a rectangular shape at center. “Minister of Finance” in Japanese characters is inside the circular seal at lower left side. The numeral value of the banknote is printed in white at the lower left and right corner. </div>
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The reverse is a floral arabesque display in green as a background. The numeral value of the note is printed in eight places. A large size numeral value in green is at the center, and a small size in white is at the top center. A very large size numeral value in white is on the left and right sides, with smaller ones at each corner. These banknotes were printed on off-white paper with block 62.5 mm apart, and on white paper with blocks 70.5 mm apart.</div>
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5 rupees (1942) Japanese Government Bank banknote for Burma </div>
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5 RUPEES (1942-44)</div>
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This banknote is 150 x 72 mm, in violet and yellow. The title “the japanese government” is at the top center. The value five rupees in large type, displays at center left. A fruitful coconut tree is shown at left and a panel with the value is beneath the tree. The drawing of the Ananda Temple of Pagan along with bullock carts and pawpaw trees is at the right. Code letter, BA or BB is printed on obverse in red ink. At the bottom center, “Government of Great Imperial Japan” in Japanese script is printed on white over olive in a rectangular shape at the center. “Minister of Finance” in Japanese script inside the circular seal is above this. The numeral value of this banknote is printed in white at each corner. </div>
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The reverse displays a floral arabesque in violet and yellow as background. A large size numeral value in white is in the center and on the left and right sides. </div>
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10 rupees (1942) Japanese Government Bank banknote for Burma </div>
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10 RUPEES (1942-44) </div>
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This banknote is 161 x 77 mm, and dull red in color. The title of the banknote “the japanese government” and ten rupees in large type is printed at the center. The Roman numeral X is at the left. Fruitful coconut trees on the left and right serve as a frame for the banknote. The Ananda Temple of Pagan along with palm trees and bullock carts serves as a main illustration on the right. Code letter BA is printed on obverse in red ink. At bottom center, “Government of Great Imperial Japan” in Japanese script is printed on a white over olive in a rectangular shape at the bottom center. “Minister of Finance” in Japanese script inside a circular seal is at the lower right. The numeral value of the banknote is printed at each corner. </div>
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The reverse shows a floral arabesque in dull red as background. A large numeral value in white is at the upper left and right; and a small one at bottom left, center and right. This banknote is printed on quatrefoil-watermarked paper with red and blue silk threads. Narrow base letters (6.75 mm wide, 61 mm apart) or wide base letters (7.5 mm wide, 64 mm apart) were used for this banknote. </div>
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100 rupees (1942) Japanese Government Bank banknote for Burma </div>
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100 RUPEES (1942-44) </div>
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This banknote is 169 x 81 mm, dark green and gray violet in color. The title of this banknote “the japanese government” and one hundred rupees is printed at the center. The value number 100 depicted over a drawing of a floral arabesque in yellowish gray is printed at the center as background.</div>
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A palm frond is revealed at the left with the note’s value in large size in a panel in front of the frond. The drawing of the Ananda Temple of Pagan along with palm trees and bullock carts as a main illustration is on the right. Code letter BA is printed on the obverse in red ink. At the bottom center, “Government of Great Imperial Japan” in Japanese script is printed in white over olive in a rectangular shape at center. “Minister of Finance” in Japanese script inside the circular seal is at lower left. The numeral value of the banknote is printed in white at each corner. </div>
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The reverse shows a floral arabesque in dark green and gray as background. A large size numeral value in white is printed at eight places: at center, right and left of center, top center and at each corner. This banknote is printed on quatrefoil-watermarked paper with red and blue silk threads. Narrow base letters (6.75 mm) were printed on nowatermark paper with silk threads, and wide base letters (7.25 mm) were printed on watermark paper.</div>
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On March 15, 1943 the Japanese Military Administration in Rangoon issued a regulation fixing the Burmese rupee at par with other Southern Development territories. </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">(B) BANKNOTES OF THE “BURMA STATE BANK”</span></div>
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On August 1, 1943, Burma was declared an independent state from Japan. The Japanese Military Administration was withdrawn although Japanese troops remained and care was taken to ensure that Burma would not pursue a policy that would hinder the Japanese war effort. Dr. Ba Maw served as Head of State, General Aung San, Minister of Defense, General Ne Win, Commander-in-Chief of the Burmese army, U Nu, Foreign Minister, and Dr. Set, Finance Minister.</div>
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The Burma State Bank was established in January 15, 1944. Thereafter the Ba Maw Government, concerned by the reckless issue of Japanese notes, continually pressed for supply from Japan of the Burma State Bank notes with which it was intended to carry out a currency conversion. The Japanese however kept fobbing off the Ba Maw Government with excuses and produced only specimens of 5 and 10-kyats Burma State Bank notes. Ultimately they restricted the supply of Japanese notes and the Ba Maw Government in desperation ordered its own press in Rangoon to produce Burma Sate Bank notes of 100-kyats denomination. A number of these notes were printed but never issued. </div>
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The name of the country “<i>bama naing ngan” </i>signifying<i> </i><span style="font: normal normal normal 10px/normal 'Adobe Garamond Pro';">Burma State</span><i> </i>is written in Burmese Script on the top center of the note. The banknote issuer “<i>bama naing ngan daw ban</i>” signifying Burma State Bank is also written in Burmese script at the bottom center. The numeral value as an underprint and denomination of the note in large size Burmese script is printed at top center. The main illustration is a dancing peacock on the left, and the scene of a small hut on a hill under a rising sun background is at the center. The Burmese character, <i>bama</i>, is depicted inside the panel at the right. Burma State Bank in Burmese script is at the bottom center. </div>
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The value of this banknote is printed at the upper left in Burmese, and lower right in English. The watermark for the note is, <i>bama</i>, in Burmese script. Underneath the illustration of the dancing peacock, there is a numeral value of the banknote. A small circle is placed on the first unit of the numerical value of the banknote as the local style written of kyat (a small circle on the number).</div>
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On the reverse an illustration of the Mandalay Moat with a raising sun in the background is at the center. A large size value of the banknote in Burmese script is inside panels on the left and right. A small size numerical value of this banknote is printed at the upper left and bottom center in Burmese, and at the upper right in English. The serial numbers of the banknotes in English (with brackets) appear at lower right and upper left. These banknotes were printed in Japan.</div>
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All 1, 5, 10, 100 kyat notes have the same design except for color and denomination. They are watermarked with the three characters in the guilloche at the right of the face.</div>
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1 kyat (1944) Burma State banknote </div>
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<span style="color: black;"> </span>1 KYAT (1944) </div>
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This banknote is 109 x 63 mm and printed in pink, violet, lavender, and predominately blue. The denomination of this one kyat note is shown at the center in Burmese script “<i>kyat ta kyat</i>.” The sun rising scene is in red. The reverse is predominately blue. Blocks 3, 17, 21, 22, 26, 29, speciemen face/back are observed. </div>
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5 kyats (1944) Burma State banknote</div>
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This banknote 130 x 72 mm is printed in on red, purple, gray and green, and predominately red. The denomination of this five-kyats note is shown at the center in Burmese script “<i>kyat nga kyat</i>.” The sun rising scene is in blue. The reverse is red, yellow and blue-gray, predominately red. Blocks 0 and specimen, <i>mihon</i> twice on face observed.</div>
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10 kyats (1944) Burma State banknote<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-size: 12px;"> </span></div>
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10 KYATS (1944)<span style="color: black;"> </span></div>
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This banknote 146 x 84 mm is printed in green, lavender and brown. The denomination of this ten-kyats note is shown at the center in Burmese script “<i>kyat ta se</i>.” The sun rising scene is in red. The reverse is in green, purple and gray-blu, predominately greenish blue. Blocks 0, 1, 23 and 24 and specimen on face/back are observed.</div>
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100 kyats (1944) Burma State banknote</div>
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100 KYATS (1944)</div>
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This note 160 x 90 mm is printed in bright orange, pale blue, green and light blue. The denomination of this one hundred-kyats note is shown at the center in Burmese script “<i>kyat ta ya</i>.” The sun rising scene is in bluish green. The reverse is bright orange, pale blue and green, predominately orange red. Block 1, Specimen on face/back, <i>Mihon</i> on face only observed. </div>
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100 kyats (1945) Burma State banknote (signed by Hla Shein)</div>
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100 KYATS (1945) </div>
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This banknote 155 x 95 mm is printed in dark blue on green. The name of the note issuer “<i>bama naing ngan daw,</i>” the Burma State, is written in Burmese script at top center. A stylized peacock is at the lower left. A portrait of the Head of the State Dr. Ba Maw is at the upper right. At the right side of this note, a drawing of a dragon emerges from the portrait of Dr. Ba Maw. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></div>
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The denomination of this “one hundred kyat” banknote is shown in Burmese script “<i>kyat ta ya</i>” in large type at the center. Underneath the name of the country “State of Burma” in Burmese script, “Legal tender in Burma only, guaranteed by the Burmese Government,” and signed by Hla Shein, Secretary of Finance Department, Burma State Bank is printed. The numerical value of the note in Burmese appears at upper left, and in Roman at the bottom right. There are two types, with and without serial numbers, but both are signed. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></div>
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The reverse is in pale blue. The Mandalay Moat scene with a raising sun background is at center. The panel of the numeral value 100-kyats (at right side in Burmese, at left side in English) with mythical dragons facing the center. The stylized peacock is at the bottom center. The numerical values in Burmese script are written at the upper left and lower right, and in Roman at the upper right and lower left. These banknotes were printed on unwatermarked paper in Rangoon. </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">(C) BANKNOTES FOR THE “BRITISH MILITARY ADMINISTRATION OF BURMA” (1945-47)</span></div>
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The British Special Operations Executive (SOE) counterfeited Burmese rupees under the code name Grenville. May 1, 1945 to January 31, 1946 is the period of British Military Administration. During this period of British military reoccupation of Burma, the overprinted banknotes with the words “military administary administration of burma, legal in burma only” were used. Overprinted notes were issued in bulk by the Deputy Paymaster-in-Chief, Area Cash Officer at Fort William, Calcutta and managed by the Civil Affairs Staff (Burma). </div>
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Even with the Japanese occupation of Burma in 1942 and the Rangoon branch of the “Reserve Bank of India” evacuated to India, the British pursued plans to reoccupy Burma. After conditions were stabilized a special military currency of 4 and 8 annas was printed in 1943. Proofs of the 4 and 8 anna notes were sent to the King in May 1943, and he approved the designs at the beginning of June. This note was manufactured in India and printed on unwatermarked paper.</div>
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The British government planned to issue a special currency upon the eviction of the Japanese from Burma. Reserve Bank of India notes were overprinted for this purpose. </div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Governor J. B. Taylor of the Reserve Bank of India died on February 17, 1943. He was replaced by Sir Vhintaman D. Deshmukh, whose signature replaced that of Taylor. The 5 and 10 rupee notes were prepared with both signatures. However, a new 10 rupee design with a full-face portrait of George VI was prepared with Deshmukh signature, because the Taylor signed note had been counterfeited by the Japanese. </div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The British military administration currency was not issued until it was clear that civil authority in Burma would not be restored quickly. The actual date of issuance was May 1, 1945. </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f70000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">I. PROVISIONAL ISSUED BANKNOTES (1943)</span></span></div>
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4 annas (1943) Military Administraton of Burma banknote</div>
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4 ANNAS (1943)</div>
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This note 71 x 44 mm is in Green. The title of this banknote issuer military administary administration of burma is printed at top center. The portrait of King George VI in profile is depicted at the right. The FOUR ANNAS denomination of the note is at the left. The monetary value in Burmese script shows at lower left and lower right, and in English at the bottom center. This note initiated a new method for expressing the Burmese monetary symbol (a small bar like a grace accent) written on the first unit of the numerical value of the banknote, 4` means 4 pe. These notes were printed in 1943 in booklet form, perforated at left edge but not released into circulation. Serial numbers are printed on the reverse. Specimen in black across, upper left corner, zeros are observed.</div>
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8 annas (1943) Military Administraton of Burma banknote</div>
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8 ANNAS (1943)</div>
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This bank note is 90 x 51 mm in violet and green. The title of the banknote issuer military administary administration of burma is printed at top center. The portrait of King George VI in profile is depicted at center. The numerical value of the note in English is at the left, and in Burmese script at the right. The word denomination of this note is at bottom center. This bank note also shows another Burmese monetary symbol (a small bar like a grace accent) written on the first unit of the numerical value of the banknote, 8` that means 8 pe. These notes were printed on unwatermaraked paper in 1943 in booklet form, perforated at the left edge but not released into circulation. Serial numbers are shown on the reverse. Specimen in black across upper left corner, zeros are observed.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">II.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>OVERPRINTED BANKNOTES </span></div>
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Both Government of India and Reserve Bank of India banknotes were used by the British Military Administration and were overprinted with the words military administary administration of burma, legal in burma only on the obverse. All have George VI in profile, with the watermark. These notes were overprinted by Nasik Security Printing Press, Bombay and were issued on May 1, 1945 and demonetized June 1, 1950. </div>
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1 rupee (1945) Government of India 1940 banknote for Military Administration of Burma (signed by C. E. Jones)</div>
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1 RUPEE (1945)</div>
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This banknote 101 x 63 mm in gray is the Government of India 1940 issued banknote over printed with the word “military administary administration of burma, legal in burma only” in red ink in five lines. The image of the back of a one-rupee coin with the portrait of King George VI is at the upper right. Watermark for this note is the profile portrait of King George VI to right at the left window. </div>
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This note is signed by C. E. Jones, secretary, finance department, for the Government of India. The serial numbers of the note appears at the bottom center right. Three types of this noteare observed; with large block A after green serial number, without block letter but black serial number, and overprinted for use in the government stores. Without large block, serial numbers black, Specimen in red across upper left corner, zeros; with large block letter A, serial number in green are observed. C. E. Jones signed on prefix code T/90, U/0-1, serial number in black; on inset A, prefix code C/86-89, D/0-71, E/42-99, F/0-61 serial number in green. Overprinted includes “for use in the goverment stores” is also observed.</div>
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On the reverse, the note issuer Government of India is printed at the top center. Underneath that the word denomination of the note in seven languages not including Burmese is printed at center. The portrait of King George VI to left appears as a watermark is at the right watermark window, and the image of the back of a one-rupee 1940 coin, India 1 rupee is at the left. These notes were issued on May 1, 1945, and ddmonietized on June 1, 1950. </div>
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5 rupees (1945) Reserve Bank of India banknote for Military Administration of Burma (signed by J. B. Taylor)</div>
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5 RUPEES (1945)</div>
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This banknote 127 x 73 mm in brown and green is the Reserve Bank of India 1943 issue of 5 rupees banknote over printed with “military administary administration of burma, legal in burma only” in black or red. On the obverse, the note issuer, Government of India, is printed at the top center. The portrait of King George VI is at right. Watermark for this note is the profile portrait of King George VI to right at the watermark windowon the left. </div>
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At the center over printed words “Legal Tender in Burma” are in two lines. The serial number is underneath these overprinted words at the bottom center above the signature. With signature of J. B. Taylor, Specimen in red across lower left corner of face, zeros are observed. J. B. Taylor signed on prefix code J/62-65. C. D. Deshmukh signed on prefix code N/20-31, N/75-80, P/11-48. Some banknotes exist signed by J. B. Taylor, and C. D. Deshmukh for the issue of June 2, 1944.</div>
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The reverse has the name of the note issuer at the top center and the denomination of the note in eight languages including Burmese script ‘<i>ngwe dinga nga pya</i>” signifying five silver pieces in the fourth line is at the center. Underneath that the word denomination of the note is shown the value of the note in word. The value of the note both number and words displays at left panel. A logo of a tiger walking underneath a palm tree at the right side window serves as the watermark. Paper is machine made, white thickness 3.5 to 4 thousandth of an inch. These notes were issued on May 1, 1945, and demonetized on June 1, 1950.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f70000; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 9px;">10 rupees (1945) Reserve Bank of India banknote for Military Administration of Burma </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> (signed by C. D. Deshmukh)</div>
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10 RUPEES (1945)</div>
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This banknote is 147 x 82 mm in brown violet is Reserve Bank of India’s 1937 and 1943 issued 10 rupees over print with “military administary administration of burma, legal in burma only” in red ink blue-violet on olive printed near the bottom center. The portrait of King George VI, facing to the left displays at the right panel. The watermark for this note is the image of the King’s portrait to right at the watermark window at left. The center illustration is a scene of a banana tree. This note was signed by J. B. Taylor in 1937, and C. D. Deshmukh in 1943. The portrait of King George VI to right as a watermark in the left window. The serial numbers of the note appears at the upper right. The signature of J. B. Taylor (specimens only), Specimen in red across lower left corner of face, zeros are observed. J. B. Taylor signed on prefix code H/12-16. Paper is machine made, white thickness 3.5 to 4 thousandth of an inch.</div>
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On the reverse the name of the banknote issuer, Reserve Bank of India, is at the top center. The image of two elephants walking towards serves as the main illustration in the center. The logo of the Reserve Bank of India, a tiger walking underneath a palm tree, is printed on the main illustration at the center. The denomination of the note in six languages including Burmese is in the left side panel. The value of the note appears on the right window.</div>
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10 rupees (1945) Reserve Bank of India banknote for Military Administration of Burma (signed by C. D. Deshmukh)</div>
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ANOTHER 10 RUPEES (1945)</div>
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This banknote 147 x 82 mm, is the Reserve Bank of India’s 1944 issue in violet on multi colors over print the words “military administary administration of burma, legal in burma only” are in red ink in four lines in the center. The name of the note issuer Reserve Bank of India is at top center. The portrait of King George VI facing in profile is in a panel at the right. The watermark for this note are the facing portrait of King George VI at left watermark window, and ten rupees/reserve bank/ of/india/ten rupees in five lines. “I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of ten rupees at any office of issue in Burma” is printed at the center. The signature of C. D. Deshmukh, Governor, for the Reserve Bank of India is underneath the watermark window at left. This note has security thread. There is serial numbers at the bottom right beneath the portrait. C. D. Deshmukh signed on prefix code C/1-10, C/79-90, D/56-75, J/43, J/49.</div>
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The value of this banknote in Burmese script “<i>ngwe ta se</i>” (instead of using the words “<i>ngwe dinga ta se</i>” as before) signifying ten silver pieces is overprinted in large red script because there is no written in Burmese language on the original design. The numerical value of the banknote overprinted with the Burmese monetary symbol for kyat (a small circle on the number) in red ink. </div>
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On the reverse the name of the banknote issuer is at the top center. The value of the note in number displays at both upper left and right panels. The main illustration of this note is a sailing boat. Underneath the boat is the logo of the Reserve Bank of India, a tiger walking underneath a palm tree. The word denomination of the note in seven languages is printed in the left side panel.There is no Burmese language in this panel. The portrait of King George VI facing in profile appears as a watermark at the right window. The denomination of the note displays at both lower left and right panels. </div>
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100 rupees (1945) Reserve Bank of India banknote for Military Administration of Burma (signed by C. D. Deshmukh)</div>
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<span style="color: black;"> </span>100 RUPEES (1945)</div>
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This banknote is 171 x 107 mm. This is the Reserve Bank of India 1937 and 1943 issue, green on lilac over printed with “military administary administration of burma, legal in burma only” in red and dark green lilac on four lines. The note issuer, the Reserve Bank of India is printed at top center. Place name Calcutta is overprinted in black. The portrait of King George VI, side view is on the right panel and as a watermark at the left window. This note is signed by J. B. Taylor on overprinted 1943, and C. D. Deshmukh on May 5, 1944 issues. The serial numbers are at the bottom left and right panels. J. B. Taylor signed on prefix code A/62- 90000 to 1000000, A/73- 000001 to 200000, A/89- 700001 to 1000000, A/98- 000001 to 100000;</div>
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C. D. Deshmukh signed on prefix code B/7- 600001 to 1000000, B/16- 000001 to 700000, B/23- 700001 to 1000000, B/47- 000001 to 100000.</div>
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The reverse’s main illustration in the center is the side view of a tiger’s head. The word denomination of the note is underneath the drawing of the head of a tiger. The name of the banknote issuer “The Reserve Bank of India” is printed at top center. The small panels of the monetary value are depicted at upper left, and lower left and right. The logo of the Reserve Bank of India, a tiger walking underneath a palm tree, is depicted at upper right corner. The denomination of the note in eight languages including Burmese script ‘<i>ngwe dinga ta ya</i>” signifying one hundred silver pieces is in the fourth line in the left side panel. The portrait of King George VI to left appears as a watermark at the right watermark window. </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f70000;">III. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>BANKNOTES FOR “BURMA CURRENCY </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f70000;">BOARD”</span></span></div>
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Following the termination of the January 31, 1946 to March 31, 1947, British Military Administration over Burma, the Government of Burma took over the responsibility of banknote issue. In June 1946 it obtained from the Government of India the assets to cover the outstanding liability for the pre-war issues of Burma notes, which had been transferred from the Reserve Bank of India to the Government of India in June 1942. Under the Currency Notes Act of 1946, the Government of Burma continued to use the British Military Administration banknotes already printed but un-issued, for supplying currency notes. </div>
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According to the India and Burma (Burma Monetary Arrangements) order, 1937, two year’s notice had to be given by either side to terminate the whole or any part of the order. As the Government of Burma was desirous of establishing a separate currency as soon as possible, the British Government agreed to amend the 1937 order (second amendment). Notice was given by the Government of Burma on September 30, 1947, and the monetary order ceased to operate. The Reserve Bank of India’s office in Rangoon was formally closed down on April 1, 1947.</div>
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The Currency and Coinage Act of 1946 established a Burma Currency Board constituted for the purpose of managing the currency on March 31, 1947. It was based in London. The Burma Currency Board was the civilian note-issuing authority that took over from British military administration. A currency officer, San Lin, was appointed and received training in Kenya.</div>
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In October 1946 the Burmese Government had appointed a committee to advise on the form, design and color of new currency notes and coins. The report of a committee utilizing the designs of four Burmese artists accomplished the creation of a new currency for Burma. In June 1947 the Government of Burma placed an order with Thomas De la Rue & Company Limited of London for the production of new banknotes. </div>
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Both Government of India and Reserve Bank of India banknotes overprinted with “burma currency board, legal in burma only” printed by Nasik Security Printing Press were used as 1947 “Provisional Issue” notes from July 1, 1947 until demonetized on December 20, 1952.</div>
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1-rupee with red overprint, 5-rupees with dark blue overprint, 10-rupees with red overprint, 100- rupees with red overprint banknotes are observed.</div>
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1 rupee (1947) Government of India banknote for Burma Currency Board (signed by C. E. Jones)</div>
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1 RUPEE (1947)</div>
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This banknote is the Government of India 1940 issue, blue gray on lilac 1 rupee, over printed with the word “burma currency board, legal in burma only” on five lines in red ink. This note is printed in blue-gray on multi color. The portrait of King George VI within the coin is at upper right, and the portrait of George VI to right is as watermark at the window at left. This note is signed by C. E. Jones, secretary, finance department, for the government of India. C. E. Jones signed on inset A, prefix code K/27-66, Q/17-36, and R. The serial numbers of the note appears at the bottom center right.</div>
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On the reverse, the note issuer Government of India is printed at top center. Underneath the denomination of the note in seven languages exclusive of Burmese language is printed at the center. The portrait of King George VI as a watermark is at right window, and the image of the back of one rupee coin, India 1940 is at the left panel. The monetary value is depicted at the upper left and right on both sides. These notes issued on July 1, 1947, and demonetized on December 20, 1952.</div>
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5 rupees (1947) Reserve Bank of India banknote for Burma Currency Board (signed by C. D. Deshmukh)</div>
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5 RUPEES (1947)</div>
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This is the Reserve Bank of India 1937 and 1943 issue of 5 rupees banknotes in lavender brown on green, over printed with the word “burma currency board, legal in burma only” in blue or red on three lines. On the obverse, the note issuer, Reserve Bank of India, is printed at the top center. The portrait of King George VI is at right, and the watermark for this note is the profile portrait of King George VI to right at the watermark window on the left. At the center are the over printed words “Legal Tender in Burma Only” on two lines. </div>
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The serial number is underneath these overprinted words at the bottom center. The 1937 issue banknote was signed by C. D. Deshmukh, and the same design banknote of 1943 was signed by J. B. Taylor, Secretary, Finance Department, for the government of India. C. D. Deshmukh signed on prefix code R/24-41, serial number in black.</div>
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The reverse has the name of the note issuer at the top center and the denomination of the note in eight languages including the Burmese script ‘<i>ngwe dinga nga pya</i>” signifying five silver pieces in the fourth line at the center. The word denomination of the note is shown at the bottom center. The value of the banknote in both word and number is shown at the left panel. The logo of the Reserve Bank of India, a tiger walking underneath a palm tree, is inside the right panel as a watermark. These notes issued on July 1, 1947, and demonetized on December 20, 1952.</div>
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10 rupees (1947) Reserve Bank of India banknote for Burma Currency Board (signed by C. D. Deshmukh)</div>
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10 RUPEES (1947)</div>
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This banknote measures 146 x 84 mm. This is a Reserve Bank of India 1943 issue in violet on multi color overprinted with the word “burma currency board, legal in burma only” in red ink at the center in four lines. The name of the note issuer Reserve Bank of India is at top center. The portrait of King George VI facing in profile is in a panel at the right, and the watermark for this note is the facing portrait of King George VI at the watermark window on the left. “I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of ten rupees at any office of issue in Burma” is printed at the center. The signature of C. D. Deshmukh, Governor, for the Reserve Bank of India is underneath the watermark window at left. C. D. Deshmukh signed on prefix code G/31-42, H/73-82, J/43-50.</div>
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The value of this banknote in Burmese script “<i>ngwe ta se</i>” (instead of using the words “<i>ngwe dinga ta se</i>” as before) signifying ten silver pieces is overprinted in large red script because there is no written in Burmese language on the original design. The numerical value of the banknote appears as the Burmese way to describe the monetary symbol for kyat (a small circle on the number) in red ink. The serial number is at bottom right, just underneath the portrait of the King George VI. </div>
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On the reverse the name of the banknote issuer is at top center. The value of the note in number displays at both upper left and right panels. The main illustration of this note is a sailing boat. Underneath the boat is the logo of the Reserve Bank of India, a tiger walking underneath a palm tree. The word denomination of the note in seven languages is printed in the left side panel.There is no Burmese language in this panel. The portrait of King George VI facing in profile appears as a watermark at the right window. The denomination of the note displays at both lower left and right panels. These notes issued on July 1, 1947, and demonetized on December 20, 1952.</div>
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100 rupees (1947) Reserve Bank of India banknote for Burma Currency Board (signed by C. D. Deshmukh)</div>
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100 RUPEES (1947)</div>
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This Reserve Bank of India’s 1937 and 1943 issue 100 rupees banknote measures 171 x 107 mm, is green on lilac overprinted with the words “burma currency board, legal in burma only” in red ink on dark green lilac in four lines. The note issuer the Reserve Bank of India is printed at the top center. The place name Calcutta in black is overprinted. The portrait of King George VI, side view, is on the right panel and as a watermark is at left window. This note is signed by C. D. Deshmukh. C. D. Deshmukh signed on prefix code B/47-600001 to 1000000, B/53-000001 to 800000, serial number in black. The serial numbers are both at bottom left and right. </div>
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The reverse’s main illustration at center is a tiger’s head. The denomination of the note is underneath the drawing of the head of a tiger. The name of the banknote issuer “The Reserve Bank of India” is printed at top center. Small panels of the monetary value are depicted at upper left, and lower left and right. A small panel showing a tiger walking underneath a palm tree is depicted at upper right corner. The denomination of the note in eight languages including Burmese script ‘<i>ngwe dinga ta ya</i>” signifying one hundred silver pieces in the fourth line is in the left side panel. The portrait of King George VI as a watermark is in the right window.</div>
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When Burma became a fully fledged independent country, under the Military Administration of Burma, the Burma Currency Board banknotes were issued on July 1, 1947 demonetized on May 1, 1950, up to December 31, 1950, initially, then to March 31, 1951, finally to January 15, 1952. </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">– Credits –</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Most of these images are from various Websites and “The Coins and Banknotes of Burma” by M. Robinson and L. A. Shaw, Pardy & Son (Printers) Ltd., </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Ringwood, Hampshire, England, 1980.</span></span></div>
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<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">to be continued on Chapter 4.</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>Min Sun Minhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04962904901600922564noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-765756180883992665.post-34608336622813666612011-08-05T17:25:00.000-07:002012-02-13T05:49:23.181-08:00BANKNOTES OF BURMA<div style="font: 11.0px Adobe Garamond Pro; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">(Chapter 1 and 2)</span></div>
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Introduction</div>
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Chapter 1. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Background</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(a) A Brief Modern History of Burma</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(b) Monetary History of Burma</div>
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Chapter 2. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>British Colonial Period (1824-1942)</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(a) Government of India banknotes for Burma</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>i. Uniface series</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ii. King Portrait series</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(b) Banknotes following Burma’s separation from India </div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>i. Provisional issued banknotes</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ii. Reserve Bank of India banknotes</div>
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Chapter 3. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Japanese Occupation and British Military Administration Period (1942-1947)</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(a) Banknotes of the Japanese Government</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(b) Banknotes of the Burma State Government</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(c) Banknotes for the Military Administration</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(d) Banknotes of the Burma Currency Board</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>i. Provisional issued banknotes</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ii. Overprinted banknotes of India </div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>iii. Burma Currency Board banknotes</div>
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Chapter 4. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Post Burma’s Independence Period (1948-1988)</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(a) The Government of Burma banknotes</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(b) The Government of Union of Burma banknotes</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(c) The Union Bank of Burma banknotes</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(d) The Peoples Bank of Burma banknotes</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(e) Banknotes of the “Shan State Government”</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(f) The Union of Burma Bank banknotes</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(g) Unusual denomination banknotes of the Union of Burma Bank</div>
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Conclusion</div>
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Appendix</div>
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INTRODUCTION</div>
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I never get tired of looking at the illustrations, images, designs and colors of banknotes. I see the rich cultures, dignity and quality of different societies by looking at their banknotes. Studying these diverse banknotes arouses my interest in their countryís background and political history. I discovered the most fascinating history and extraordinary beauty of designs by looking through its banknotes. </div>
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When I was young, I saw that my parents rolled the large size paper money and put it inside cans. There was no bank in our village and they had never experienced putting money in a bank. These banknotes were as beautiful as paintings for me. Since I like drawing, I copied the scenes of Burma, peacock and the portrait of General Aung San from these banknotes many times. Once, I even drew an entire banknote and colored it. When I showed it to my friends, they liked it very much and I was so happy to be praised by friends and teachers.</div>
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One day when I returned home from school, I found my mother crying. I was told that all the money my parents put inside the cans would no longer be allowed to be used as currency. These banknotes, which were my favorite paintings, and this money that my parents had saved for a novitiate ceremony of their first son (me), was demonetized. It was 1964. As a consequence my parents could never afford the highly religious donation ceremony in their lifetime. </div>
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Nevertheless, the designs and illustrations of the banknotes still interested me and the portrait of General Aung San became even more meaningful to me. Later, unusual denomination banknotes were issued and the portrait of General Aung San was replaced with new leaders. </div>
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On September 5, 1987, the Government annnounced that banknotes in denominations of 25, 35 and 75 were demonetized. That demonetization hurt all the Burmese people, especially poor civilians. My grandmother still kept her valueless 25-kyat notes. She thought that one day these notes would be revalued. </div>
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After a long period of suffering economic hardship, unfair and unjust treatment by the rulers, anti-government demonstrations by the people broke out in 1988. The government’s response to their requests for political and economic reforms was to arrest, torture and kill thousands of innocent civilians. A group of army generals seized power of the country on September 18, 1988. </div>
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I love Burma as my mother land. I love all things about Burma and my admiration for its banknotes continues to grow. When doing research on the banknotes of Burma, I found it very challenging to locate facts, information and actual banknotes from the past.</div>
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In this book I have tried to present as much information as possible and to include images of Burma’s banknotes. Experts and numismatic specialists may have additional information and facts which I haven’t yet covered. I would appreciate any suggestions and advice towards providing more complete knowledge about the banknotes of Burma.<br />
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CHAPTER I<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(A) A BRIEF MODERN HISTORY OF BURMA</span></div>
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British and Lower Burma (1824-1852)</div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px;">In</span> the first Anglo-Burmese war of 1824-1826, the East India Company annexed the Burmese provinces of Arakan and Tenasserim. They were attached to British India. In the “Treaty of Yandaboo”, signed on February 26, 1826, the Burmese King ceded these territories. In the second Anglo-Burmese war of 1852, the East India Company Governor General Lord Dalhousie declared lower Burma annexed on December 20, 1852. The administrative center was established at Rangoon. (The Burmese King did not sign any treaty recognizing the British annexation). In 1853 King Mindon Min (1852-1878) ascended to the throne; he established a new capital at Mandalay, and modernized the administration of the country. In 1862, Britain and Upper Burma established diplomatic relations. In 1867 a treaty was signed regulating trade and diplomatic relations with Upper Burma.</div>
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Under Mindon Min’s successor King Thibaw, Anglo-Burmese relations deteriorated. The British resident in Mandalay was withdrawn. The third Anglo-Burmese war of 1885 was a very short affair and the whole of upper Burma became nominally under British rule. </div>
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World War II: Burma</div>
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Burma was detached from British India in April 1937 a separate administrative unit was formed, with Rangoon as a capital. The country was given political autonomy, and a constitution, providing a representative assembly and self-government. During this period, historic tensions between the different communities were dangerously inflamed by the divided rule separations of the British colonial government. Students, workers, and Buddhist monks kept up the nationalist agitation, clearly demonstrating that British rule was not acceptable to the people of Burma. In 1940, Aung San and thirty young Burmese (thirty comrades) went to Japan and received military training to oppose British rule. </div>
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In December 1941, Japan demanded Thailand grant free passage for it’s troops, and this was granted enabling the Burma Army and the Japanese to march into Burma to drive out the British. The British left Burma in 1942. General Aung San became a prominent leader for independence. The Japanese installed a Burmese puppet government headed by Dr. Ba Maw. In April 1945 the British, under the command of Lord Mountbatten, launched an offensive and expelled the Japanese from most of Burma except the Tenasserim province.</div>
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Burma (1947-1962)</div>
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In a 1944-1945 campaign, Burma was liberated from the Japanese, and the country was placed under a British Military Administration. In 1947 independence fighter and prominent political leader General Aung San and his cabinet were assassinated by a political rival. In 1948, Burma gained her independence and a government was formed under Prime Minister U Nu. In domestic policy, U Nu promoted the elevation of Buddhism to state religion, as well as regional autonomy for the outlying areas. In 1958 the ruling party split and General Ne Win formed a caretaker government. Even though U Nu won the 1960 elections, General Ne Win ousted him in a 1962 coup d’etat.</div>
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Burma (1962-1988)</div>
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In 1962 General Ne Win ousted the democratically elected administration headed by U Nu. The Ne Win administration reduced Burma’s ties to the outside world and pursued the Burmese Way to Socialism. Nationalization of economic enterprises took effect without compensation and a “one party state” was established in 1964. A new constitution went into force that declared Burma a socialist state in 1974. After the economic hardships and numerous currency demonetizations, the entire nation massively demonstrated against the military controlled government. One party system, the “Burmese Way to Socialism” had ended and the military took power over the country again in 1988.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(B) MONETARY HISTORY OF BURMA</span></div>
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Archaeological evidence has shown that the people of Burma started using coins as money circa 500 BC. The Pyu, the Mon and the Arakan are the main cultures which coins reflected. As Burma is borderd by India, the social, culture and economy life styles of Burma are related to Indians. Images and information on coins reflect the social and culture life of those days. Kings were key persons who controled the monetary system. Officially there was no bank system and no banknotes were issued at that time. </div>
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In 1852, Mindon, the next to the last king of Burma, established the Royal Mint in Mandalay. Silver coins were minted in denominations of 1 pe, 1 mu (2 pe), 1 mat (4 pe), 5 mu (10 pe) and 1 kyat, with gold 1 pe and 1 mu. The obverses bore the Royal Peacock Seal, from which the coins got their name. The reverses contained the denomination and mint date (in the Burmese era, which starts from A.D. 638). </div>
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In the 1860s and 1870s, lead coins were issued for 1/8 and 1/4 pya, with copper, brass, tin and iron 1/4 pe (1 pya) and copper 2 pya. Gold coins were issued in 1866 for 1 pe, 2 1/2 mu and 1 kyat, with 5 mu issued in 1878. In 1952, coins were introduced for 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 pya and 1 kyat. 1 pya coins were last minted in 1966, with the 5 pya last minted in 1987.</div>
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The kyat was a denomination of both silver and gold coinages in Burma until 1889. It was divided into 20 pe, each of 4 pya, with the mu and mat worth 2 and 4 pe, respectively. Nominally, 16 silver kyat equal 1 gold kyat. The silver kyat was equivalent to the Indian rupee, which replaced the kyat after Burma was occupied by the British. </div>
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No paper money was issued before the Indian banknotes were used at the time of the British invasion. As part of the British Empire, Burma used Indian silver rupees until April 1, 1937, when it issued the first Burmese rupee. The Burma State Bank issued notes for 1, 5, 10 and 100 rupees in 1944, followed by another issue of 100 rupees notes in 1945. The Burmese rupee remained at par with the Indian rupee until World War II. During Japanese occupation, Malayan military dollars were used as the currency, but the country reverted back to rupees as soon as the war ended. </div>
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Six different banknote issuer names were used since Burma has issued its own banknotes (not included the current name).</div>
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1. “Burma State Bank” issued 1, 5, 10 and 100 kyat notes in 1944-45.</div>
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2. After Burma gained independence in 1948, the title of the banknote issuer had changed to “Government of Burma.” Only 1 rupee and 5 rupees notes were issued under that name. </div>
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3. In 1949, the banknote’s name changed to “Government of the Union of Burma.” Only 10 rupees and 100 rupees banknotes were introduced under that banknote issuer’s name.</div>
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4. In 1952, “Union Bank of Burma” took the responsibility of banknote issuing. And the 1, 5, 10, 100 rupees banknotes were issued. Later these “rupees” notes were replaced with “kyat” but the designs did not change. In 1958, the peacock image from these banknotes was replaced with Aung San, and the new 20 and 50 kyats notes were introduced. </div>
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On February 27, 1963, the Revolutionary Council lead by Gen. Ne Win announced an order and nationalized the 31 banks (16 foreign banks and 15 banks of Burmese natioinalities.) </div>
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Kyat notes have been demonetized on a number of occasions with the ostensible aim of fighting black marketing, starting with the demonetization of 50 and 100 kyat notes on May 15, 1964. This was the first of several demonetizations, ostensible carried out with the aim of fighting black marketeering. </div>
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5. Three years after the “<i>Burmese Way to Socialism</i>” was established, the “Peoples Bank of Burma” took over note production in 1965 with an issue of 1, 5, 10 and 20 kyat notes.</div>
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6. In 1972, the “Union of Burma Bank” resumed note production, with notes introduced between 1972 and 1979 for 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 kyats. </div>
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On November 3, 1985, the 50 and 100 kyat notes were again demonetized and replaced with new kyat notes in the unusual denominations of 25, 35 and 75 kyats. Smaller denominations remained legal tender and each family was, in theory, given up to 5000 kyat as compensation.</div>
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Only two years later, on September 5, 1987, the government issued an order signed by Sein Lwin, the secretary of the state cuncil, the kyats 25, 35 and 75 banknotes were demonetized without compensation that wiping out 80% of the country’s circulation. Banknotes 15, 45 and 90-kyats were introduced on September 22, 1987. The ensueing economic disturbances led to serious demonstrations and eventually ended up with a coup in 1988 by the army.</div>
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A new series of notes was introduced in 1989 following the change of the country’s name to Myanmar, and the name of the banknote issuer became “Central Bank of Myanmar.” This time, the old notes were not demonetized, but simply allowed to fall into disuse through inflation as well as wear and tear. </div>
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The military dictator General Ne Win appeared to be jealous of the people’s respected national leaders especially Aung San, and it is believed that he ordered the avoidance of the hero on the late issued banknotes. Consequently, all banknotes containing representations of Aung San, widely considered the founder of modern Burma, were modified with images of landmarks in Rangoon and depictions of traditional Burmese life.</div>
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CHAPTER II<br />
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British Colonial Period (1824-1942)</div>
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Map of India and Burma</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">A. BANKNOTES OF INDIA FOR BURMA (1824-1937)</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.3px;">Pr</span>ior to annexation by the British Empire Burma had no banking business or banknotes. Following the three Anglo-Burmese annexations, Burma was incorporated into the British empire, not as an independent new colony but as a province of India. Banknotes of India were used in Burma following the British occupation of lower Burma in 1824. </div>
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The Indian monetary unit is the “rupee.” Rupee derives from the Sanskrit word ‘<i>rupyakam</i>’ meaning ‘silver coin.’</div>
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The concept of issuing paper money in India was proposed in 1859 by Sir James Wilson, and adopted by his successor Samuel Laving in 1861. The first notes with payment guaranteed by the government were introduced through the Indian Paper Money act of 1861. </div>
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Prior to 1862 banknotes of India had been issued by the Presidency Banks of Bengal, Bombay and Madras. The Presidency Bank of Bengal opened branches in Rangoon in 1861, in Moulmein in 1865 and in Akyab in 1866. The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China had branches at Rangoon in 1862-63. </div>
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After the Indian Paper Money Act was passed, the issuing of Banknotes in India was taken over by the Government of India on March 1, 1862. </div>
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In the original proposal for paper money the whole area was divided into areas called circles: M for Madras, A for Cawnpore, K for Karachi, B for Bombay, R for Rangoon, C for Calcutta, and L for Lahore, and notes were printed in each circle. Local languages were added to the language panel of each circle’s issued notes. The circles had multiple sub-circles under them. These were designated areas for the circulation of notes, those circulated in one circle not being available in another. </div>
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1. UNIFACE series</div>
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(a) Victoria Portrait Series : </div>
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These notes were the first issued notes from the Government of India and they bear the Portrait of Queen Victoria on the top left corner. These notes were signed by Lord Canning, Viceroy of India and Samuel Laving, Finance Minister. These were “unifaced” notes, carried two language panels and were printed on hand-moulded paper manufactured at the Laverstock Paper Mills (Portals) and were printed in London. The security features incorporated the watermark GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, RUPEES, two signatures and wavy lines), the printed signature and the registration of the notes. These Victoria notes are denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 & 1000 rupees. </div>
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(b) Green Underprint Series : </div>
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The Victoria Portrait series were soon being forged in various part of the country. They had to be withdrawn in the wake of a spate of forgeries and replaced by the unifaced ‘Underprint Series’ which were introduced in 1867. Thus the Underprint notes came into existence. These notes had a better security feature, a Green Underprint denoting the denomination, use of guilloche designs and alterations in the quality of the paper and the watermark. The watermark now incorporated a code which denoted the date of manufacture of the paper. Initially, notes were legally encashable only in the Currency Circle in which they were issued. In deference to public demand, notes in the denomination of Rupees Five were introduced. These green underprint notes are denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 & 10000 rupees. </div>
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In the early twentieth century it was realized that paper money was becoming more popular and the rigidity that currency was only cashable within one circle was abandoned to enable encashment in all areas. The notes were changed to include promise to pay the bearer at any office of issue”. Other changes included changing the underprint to red, increasing the number of language panels to eight and increasing the number of serial numbers to four. (Except in five rupees notes which was increased to 3 serial numbers).</div>
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(c) Red Underprint Series : </div>
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Paper money was being used a lot now and the forgery problem was solved. But now people travelling in various parts of the country were having problem due to the issuing circle requirement. So, to solve this problem, the government removed the concept of issuing circles in the Red Underprint notes. The notes now could be used in any part of the country. Between 1903 an 1911, notes of denomination 5, 10, 50 and 100 were “universalized”, i.e. were legally uncashable outside the Currency Circle of Issue. This was done in a gradual manner; the low denominations were universalized first, whereas the higher denominations of 100 and upwards were universalized much later. However, the names of the issuing circles were retained in these notes, in full or as initials. This series remained largely unchanged till the introduction of the “King’s Portrait” series which commenced in 1923. </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #134f5c; font-size: x-small;">Bengali Kannada</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #134f5c; font-size: x-small;">Burmese Gujarathi</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Colonial Type with 4 Languages Panels Green Underprint Banknotes</span></div>
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10 rupees (1897) Government of India, green underprint banknote for Burma </div>
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signed by R.E. Hamilton</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">10 RUPEES (1897-1907)<span style="color: black;"> </span></span></div>
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This is a rectangular banknote measuring 210 x 133 mm. The note is black on green underprint. The name of the note issuer “Government of India” is printed on the background of the seven oval shape medallions at top center. Two oval shapes are printed as green under print at upper left and right, just below the banknote issuer title. </div>
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The numeral value of the banknote in four languages; Burmese, Hindu, Urdu and Chinese is printed in a vertical position on both far left and right sides. “I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of ten rupees” is at top center. Word denominations of the note in Burmese, Hindi, Urdu and Chinese languages are printed in two lines. Burmese character “<i>ngwe dinga ta se</i>” which means ten silver coins is written in the first line of the left panel. </div>
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At the center, the monetary value of the note “ten” is printed in large type as green underprint. Underneath these two lines of monetary values, the name of issuing circle Rangoon is printed between the words “1897 April 3” and “3 April 1897.” (The left column date is written in year, month and day order and the right column date is written in day, month and year order). </div>
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The lower part of this note is filled with “For the Government of India” at the bottom left with signature of R. E. Hamilton at the right. Williams Wells signed on prefix code Q on October 3, 1882, and R. E. Hamilton signed on prefix QA, QB on March 3, 1897. These banknotes are printed in England on white, hand-moulded paper. There are serial numbers at two places (on top left and right corners above the promise text).</div>
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5 rupees (1904) Government of India, green underprint banknote for Burma, signed by F. Atkinson.</div>
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5 rupees (1905) Government of India, green underprint banknote for Burma </div>
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(signed by H. J. Brereton).</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">5 RUPEES (1901-09)</span></div>
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This is a rectangular banknote measuring 143 x 90 mm. This note is black on green underprint. At the top center, the banknote issuer Government of India is printed over seven medallions (one rectangular and six oval shapes.) Two oval shapes are printed as green underprint at the upper left and right, just below the banknote issuer title. The numeral value of the banknote in English, Burmese, Urdu, Tamil, and Chinese is printed vertically on both the far left and right side. “I promise to pay the bearer on demand / the sum of five rupees” is at the top center. </div>
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The word denominations of this note in four languages; Burmese, Urdu, Tamil and Chinese languages in two lines. The Burmese character “<i>ngwe dinga nga pya</i>” signifying five silver coins, is written in the first line of the left panel. Underneath these two lines of monetary values, the name of the issuing circle Rangoon is printed between the dates 1905 May 19, and 19 May 1905. (The left column date is written in year, month and day order and the right column date is written in day, month and year order). Watermark for this note are the wavy lines on all the four sides; in center, INDIA /5 RUPEES 5 in two lines, and the manufacture’s code at the bottom. </div>
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At the center, the numeral value of banknote “5” is printed in large type as green underprint for this note. “For the Government of India” is inside a rectangular square box frame, at the bottom left and the signature of H. J. Brereton, is at the bottom right. The signature of F. Atkinson is found on June 1, 1904 issue banknotes. </div>
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F. Atkinson signed on prefix code QA on June 1, 1904. H. J. Brereton (or) M. F. Gauntlett signed on prefix code QB on May 19, 1905. These banknotes are printed in England on white, hand-moulded paper. There are serial numbers at four places; on top left and right corners above the promise text, and at the bottom left and right corners. </div>
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10 rupees (1901-09) Government of India, green underprint banknote for Burma </div>
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(signed by M. F. Gauntlett).</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">10 RUPEES (1901-09)</span></div>
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This is a rectangular banknote measuring 210 x 130 mm. This note is black on green underprint and was issued in 1901-1909. At the top center, the banknote issuer Government of India is printed over the seven medallions. Two oval shapes are printed as green underprint at the upper left and right, just below the banknote issuer title. The numeral value of the banknote in Burmese, Urdu, Tamil, Chinese and English is printed vertically on both the far left and right side. “I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of ten rupees” is at the top center. </div>
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There are word denominations of the note in four languages; Burmese, Urdu, Tamil and Chinese in two lines. The Burmese character “<i>ngwe dinga ta se</i>” signifying ten silver coins, is written in the first line of the left panel. Underneath these two lines of monetary values, the name of the issuing circle Rangoon is printed between the dates 1907 Aug 16, and 16 Aug 1907. Watermark for this note are the wavy lines on all the four sides; in center, india /10 rupees 10 in two lines, and the manufacture’s code at the bottom. </div>
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At the center, the monetary value of banknote “ten” is printed in large type as green underprint. “for the Government of India” is inside a rectangular square box frame, at the bottom left and the signature of M. F. Gauntlett is at the bottom right. M. F. Gauntlett signed on prefix code QB on August 16, 1907, and on September 6, 1907. There are serial numbers at four places; on top left and right corners above the promise text, and at the bottom left and right corners. These banknotes are printed in England on white, hand-moulded paper.</div>
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50 RUPEES (1901-10)</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The 50-rupees, green underprint banknotes of Rangoon circle (208 x 130mm) was issued in 1901-1910. This note has four language panels (Burmese, Urdu, Tamil and Chinese).</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Watermark for this note are the wavy lines on all the four sides; in center india/50 rupees 50 in two lines, and the manufacture’s code at the bottom end-paper. There are serial numbers at four places; on top left and right corners in large type size above the four language panels, and at the bottom left and right corners in smaller type size. M. M. S. Gubbay signed on prefix code QB, QC on May 3, 1905, and on March 20, 1908. These banknotes were printed in England on white, hand-moulded paper.</div>
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100 rupees (1918) Government of India, green underprint banknote for Burma (signed by A.C. McWatters )</div>
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100 RUPEES (1901-30)</div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">The 100-rupees, green underprint banknotes of Rangoon circle (208 x 130 mm) was issued in 1901-1930. This note has four language panels (Burmese, Urdu, Tamil and Chinese). At the center, the numeral value of banknote “100” is printed in large type as green underprint for this note.Watermark for this note are the wavy lines on all the four sides; in center india/100 rupees 100 in two lines, and the manufacture’s code at the bottom end-paper. There are serial numbers at three places (on top left and right corners in large type size above the language panels, and at the bottom left corner in smaller type size.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">M. M. S. Gubbay signed on prefix code HD on November 27 and 30, 1915. A.C. McWatters signed on prefix code ND on October 12, 1918. H. Denning signed on prefix code QE on August 18, 1922. These banknotes are printed in England on white, hand-moulded paper. </span></div>
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5 rupees (1908) Government of India, red underprint banknote for Burma (signed by R. W. Gillan)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Red Underprint 8 Languages Panels Banknotes</span></div>
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5 RUPEES (1914-1918)</div>
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This 1914 issued 5 rupees banknote is black on red underprint with eight languages. At the center, the numeral value of banknote “5” is printed in large type as red underprint for this note. The issuing circle’s name rangoon, initial R is printed on the note. There are word denominations of the note in eight languages; Urdu, Kaithi, Bengali, Burmese at the left panel, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Gujarati at the right panel. Burmese character “<i>ngwe dinga nga pya</i>” signifying five silver coins is written in the left panel’s bottom line. Watermark for this note are the wavy lines on all the four sides; in center india/5 rupees 5 in two lines, and the manufacture’s code at the bottom. The dates in both left and right columns are written in day, month and year in order. There are serial numbers at four places; on top left and right corners above the promise text, and at the bottom left and right corners.</div>
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The reverse is blank. This note was signed by M. M. S. Gubbay on September 21, 1914, Jan 28, 1914, September 21, 1914, and November 18 and 27 of 1915. These banknotes are printed in England on white, hand-moulded paper. </div>
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10 rupees (1912) Government of India, red underprint banknote for Burma </div>
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(signed by R.W. Gillan)</div>
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10 rupees (1918) Government of India, red underprint banknote for Burma (signed by M. M S. Gubbay)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 12px;">10 RUPEES (1904-18)</span></div>
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This is a rectangular banknote measuring 208 x 130 mm. This note is black on red underprint. The name of the note issuer “Government of India” is at the top center of the note. Below this, the two oval shapes in red are printed as background in tint at the upper left and right, just below the banknote issuer title. The numeral value of the banknote in nine languages (including English) is printed in vertical position both on the far left and right side. “I promise to pay the bearer on demand / at any office of issue the sum of rupees” is at top center. Denominations of the note in eight language; Urdu, Kaithi, Bengali, Burmese, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Gujarati languages are printed in four lines. The Burmese character “<i>ngwe dinga ta se</i>” signifying ten silver coins is written in the last line of the left panel. At the center, the monetary value in the word “ten” is printed in large type. The word monetary value “ten” in very large size type as red underprint for this note is printed at the center. </div>
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The initial R for the name of the issuing circle Rangoon, is printed on the left side of the left monetary panels and on the right side of the right monetary panels. The date of the banknote issue, May 14, 1918 is printed at under the left and right columns. (The dates of both left and right columns are written in day, month and year order). The words “for the Government of India” is at the bottom left, and the signature is on the bottom right. This note is signed by M. M.S. Gubbay on June 7, 1918, and his signature on similar banknotes with March 28, 1916, and November 20, 1918 dates are also found. </div>
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Watermark for this note are the wavy lines on all the four sides; in center india/10 rupees 10 in two lines, and the manufacture’s code at the bottom end-paper. </div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>R. W. Gillen signed on prefix code HC on July 7, 12 and 22, 1911, and on April 16 and 30, 1912, and November 30, 1912. H. F. Howard signed on prefix code IC, NC and QD on January 2, 1915, and on May 8, 1915. R. W. Gillen signed on prefix code HC on July 7, 12 and 22, 1911; and on April 16 and 30, 1912; and November 30, 1912. M. M. S. Gubbay signed on prefix code HD, ID, KD, and ND on May 8, 1915; June 15, 1916; May 21, 1917; June 15, 21, 27 and 29, 1918; August 10, 1918; September 12 and 22, 1918; October 18, 19, and 28, 1918; unsigned on prefix code ID on June 7,1918. Identicle banknotes signed by R.W. Gillan on July 7, 1911, November 30, 1912; and signed by H. F. Howard on January 2, 1915 are also found. </div>
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Four serial numbers of the note appear in the upper left and upper right in large font size above the promise text, and in smaller font size at the lower left and right corners. These banknotes are printed in England on white, hand-moulded paper.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">2. PORTRAIT SERIES</span></div>
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King George V notes (1917-1932)</div>
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The Uniface series notes were always forgery prone and hence new designs were being frequently made. During the period of 1917 to 1932, notes with the portrait of George V were issued. The notes bearing the portrait of George V have the signatures of M.M.S. Gubbay, A.C. McWatters, H. Denning, J.B. Taylor and J.W. Kelly </div>
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Re 1 note (1917) :</div>
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These notes had a Re 1 coin of 1917 depicted on them. On the reverse was a language panel having 8 languages. They were issued individually and also in booklets of 25. They were printed in England. These notes had the signatures of M.M.S Gubbay, A.C. McWatters and H. Denning. The notes bearing the signatures of M. M.S. Gubbay were of two types. The difference was in the size and the spacing between characters of the font used to write the Gujarati script on the reverse (The last in the language panel). </div>
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Re 1 Note (1935) :</div>
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Although these notes have a coin of 1935 depicted on them, they were issued on 24th July, 1940. Some of these were also issued as a booklet of 25. J.W. Kelly’s signatures are found on these notes. These notes are divided on the way the serial numbers are written on the reverse of the note.</div>
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Rs 2 Annas 8 (1918) :</div>
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This denomination was issued in January 1918 and were withdrawn in 1926. These notes bear the signature of M.M.S. Gubbay. They had a prefix code with them which was like this: A (Cawnpore), B (Bombay), C (Calcutta), K (Karachi), L (Lahore), M (Madras), R (Rangoon).</div>
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Rupees 5 (1925) :</div>
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There were two issues of Rupees 5 during the time of George V. The first was the broad note printed in Bank of England Press, England. The second note was issued in 1933 and was printed in Nasik. This was withdrawn in 1941. The 1st Issue had the signatures of H.Denning and J.B. Taylor while the signatures of J.B. Taylor and J.W. Kelly are found on the 2nd Issue.</div>
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Rupees 10 (1925) :</div>
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There were three issues of Rupees 10. The first issue was green in color and had two different positions for the serial numbers. The serial number on the front in the first design was on top left and bottom right while in the second design it was top right and bottom left. The first was issued in 1925 and the second was released in 1925. The second issue was blue in color and was issued in 1925. All these above types were printed in Bank of England Press, England. The thired issue was printed in Nasik, India and was smaller in size than the ones before. A.C. McWatters and H.Denning signed the 1st Issue (Green note) while H.Denning and J. B. Taylor signed the second Issue (Blue note). The 3rd issue had teh signatures of J.B. Taylor and J.W. Kelly.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">The earliest pictorial notes of George V were issued in 1917 as a consequence of a crisis in precious metal stocks due to World War One. The one rupee and the 2.8 rupee were the first to be issued. </span></div>
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Later in May 1923 the first 10-rupees notes featuring the portrait of George V appeared followed by 5 rupees notes. The King was depicted wearing the Imperial Crown and the robes of Star of India. </div>
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In April 1928, India’s own security press at Nasik for the design and printing of banknotes commenced operations and the supply of notes from England progressively ceased. The improved security features included changed watermarks, intricate portrait designs and multi color printing. </div>
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The issue date is not shown on these portrait seies banknotes.These notes were issued in denominations of 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, and 10,000 rupees.</div>
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<i> </i>2 rupees 5 annas (1918) Government of India banknote for Burma </div>
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(signed by M. M. S. Gubbay)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: Times;">2 RUPEES 8 ANNAS (1918) </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">This banknote is black on red brown. On the obverse of the note, the name of the banknote issuer “Government of India” appears at top center. The portrait of King V facing to the left in octagonal frame is at upper left. “I promise to pay the bearer the sum of, rupees two, annas eight (in large type), on demand at any office of issue,” is printed at center. This banknote is signed by M. M. S. Gubbay on prefix code R. The numeral value of the note is printed at the top right and lower left corners. On the reverse the denomination of the note in eight languages is at the center. The Burmese characters “</span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">ngwe dinga hnit pya kwe</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">” signifying two and half silver coins appear in the fourth line. </span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: Times;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">The initial GRI (GRI stands for Georgious Rex Imperator which is Latin for George, King </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">&</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"> Emperor) with an illustration of a crown appears at the upper left, and the monetary value Rs 2/8 is depicted inside acircle at upper right of the banknote. This banknote was issued on January 2, 1918, and withdrawn on January 1, 1926. Watermark is a a five-pointed star enclosed within a rectangle. There are serial numbers at two places (on top right corner above the promise text and at the bottom left). These banknotes were printed in England on white, hand-moulded paper.</span></span></div>
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50 rupees (1930) Government of India banknote for Burma (signed by J. B. Taylor)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25;">50 RUPEES (1927) </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">This 50-rupees, 136 x 88 mm, was released in 1930. This banknote is lilac and brown. On the obverse of the note, the name of the banknote issuer “the government of india” appears at top center. The vignette of King George V is on the right. The monetary value in large type fifty rupees is at the center. The statement “I promise to pay the bearer the sum of” appears above the monetary value in words. The “on demand at any office issue” appears just underneath the monetary value in words. The issung circle’s name rangoon in small capital or large type letters is printed at the bottom center. The serial numbers appear at two places, lower left and upper right. Watermark for this note are the profile portrait of George V to right, and govt/of/ india towards the bottom. The King’s portrait as watermark for this note appears at the watermark window on the left. The numeral value of the banknote is printed on the bottom left and upper right corner. The numeral value of the note appears at four corners; upper left and lower right in large type size, and upper right and lower left in smaller type size.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">On reverse, the denominations of the note “fifty rupees” is in large type at the center. There are eight different languages (one at the upper left, one at the upper right, one at the lower left, one at the lower right, two at the top center, two at the bottom center). The Burmese script “</span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">ngwe nga se</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">” signifying fifty silvers is written at the second line at the top center. The King’s portrait to left as watermark appears at the watermark windows on right. These banknotes were printed in England on white, hand-moulded paper. </span></span></div>
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100 rupees (1927) Government of India banknote for Burma (signed by J. W. Kelly)</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;">100 RUPEES (1927)<span style="color: black;"> </span></span></div>
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The 100-rupees, George V in profile (171 x 115 mm) banknote was released in 1927. This violet and green banknote does not display the name of banknote issuer’s name government of india. Watermark for this note are the profile portrait of King George V to right, and govt/of/india in three lines, and ornamented rectangle around. The portrait of King George V is shown inside the oval panel on the right. The serial numbers appear at two places, lower left and upper right, next to the numeral value of the banknote. In the center, the statement “I promise to pay the bearer the sum of” appears above the word denominations of the note, one hundred rupees in large type, are printed, and “on demand at any office issue” appears underneath it. The banknote issuing the circle’s name (Rangoon) in large or small capital letters, is overprinted at top center in green or black ink. The signature of J. W. Kelly appears at the bottom right. H. Denning signed on prefix code S. J. B. Taylor signed on prefix code S and T. (Prefix code T are universalized and printed on a thinner paper). J. W. Kelly signed on prefix code T. T 32, 41 and 47 were overprinted for use in Burma.</div>
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On reverse the denomination of the note in seven different languages (Hindi, Bengali, Burmese, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, and Gujarati), are printed at the center. The Burmese script is placed on the third line. The oval shaped panels which are written denomination of the note appear as window watermarks on both left and right side of the note. The numeral value of banknote is printed at the bottom right, and the monetary unit is at the bottom left.</div>
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These banknotes were printed in England on white, hand-moulded paper, and released in February 1927. </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25;">B. BANKNOTES AFTER BURMA-INDIA </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25;">SEPARATION (1937-42)</span></span></div>
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Following the British annexation, movements towards independence grew steadily. In April 1937, the implementation of the Government of Burma Act (1935) brought about the long-awaited separation of Burma from British India. Burma was separated from India but still remained under British rule on April 1, 1937. After the separation from India, Dr Ba Maw became Burma’s first prime minister. </div>
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The separation of Burma from British India necessitated legislation to amend the RBI Act, and this emerged in ‘The India and Burma (Burma Monetary Arrangements) Order, 1937’. Coming into force at the same time as the Government of Burma Act itself, the Monetary Arrangements Order essentially set out the legislative changes required to make the Reserve Bank of India the central bank for two countries. </div>
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The Reserve Bank of India Act was passed by the Indian legislature and granted consent by the Governor General in 1934, even though the bank was not established until 1935. Reserve Bank of India was a privately-owned (shareholder) institution modelled on the Bank of England. Although the Reserve Bank of India was to manage the currency of Burma and continue to carry on the business of banking in Burma, it was still subject to the provisions of “the India and Burma (Burma monetary arrangements) order.” </div>
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The standard monetary unit was to be the rupee for both Burma and India. The government of India still retained the right of coinage. Sole right to issue banknotes in Burma was given to the “Reserve Bank of India”, since the Government of Burma was prohibited from issuing any currency notes. </div>
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It was also under an obligation to issue a separate series of Burma banknotes. The new “Reserve Bank of India” did not issue any notes of its own and continued with the old “Government of India” notes during the period 1935 through 1937. As an interim measure before the first distinctive Burma notes were ready, the monetary order was permitted the use of un-issued Government of India notes overprinted with the words legal tender in burma only as a stop-gap measure until the stock of “Government of India” notes was exhausted. These issues are called “provisional issues”, a term describing a short issue for temporary use pending the release of the definite issue.</div>
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Meanwhile, new banknotes for both India and Burma were designed, and trial specimens were being made at the Nasik Security Printing Press, Nasik Road, Mumbai. The first distinctive Burma notes were issued in May 1938. The name ‘rupee’ was retained as the official name of Burma’s currency and it was this name that appeared on the new notes. </div>
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In the earliest notes issued (the five and ten rupee notes, issued in May and June 1938 respectively) ‘rupees’ appeared unadorned, however in later issues (such as the 1,000 rupee note, issued in July 1939) the distinction ‘Burma Rupees’ appears. The notes bore the name of the ‘Reserve Bank of India’ as issuer, but also the inscription that the Bank’s promise to pay applied to ‘any office of issue in Burma’ only - in other words, the Burma notes were not legal tender in India. </div>
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The notes were inscribed in three languages - English, Burmese and Shan. By July 1939 there were five enominations of Burma notes in circulation (5, 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 Burma rupees). All featured King George VI on one side but, giving them the required ‘distinctive design’ featured on the obverse side various ‘Burmese motifs’ – of peacock, elephant, tiger, sailing vessels and ox-carts. It was necessary that the designs be approved by King George VI and the specimens were sent to England. King Gorge approved the designs for Burma’s 5 and 10 rupees bank notes in September 1937, the 100 rupees in July 1938, the 1,000 in April 1938 and 10,000 in August 1938.</div>
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The period between 1938 and 1942 became very confusing by the fact that there were two kinds of legal tender notes: the Government of India notes for Burma issued before the Reserve Bank of India was formed; and the Reserve Bank of India issued banknotes for Burma. In January 1938, a 5 rupees note was issued at Calcutta and Bombay with the monetary value in eight languages, including Burmese, which reads “five silver pieces.” The Burmese version followed in May 1938, two months later than planned, and the Burmese 10 rupees followed in June 1938. Higher denomination notes for Burma were not released until the Government of India notes were exhausted—the 100 and 10,000 rupees first appeared in May and the 1,000 rupees in July of 1939. These overprinted banknotes were continued until April 1, 1940, but they remained legal tender after that date.</div>
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Indeed, for the entirety of the RBI’s tenure in Burma five quite separate (legal tender) currencies circulated:</div>
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1. Notes issued by the Government of India. These were notes circulated before the creation of the RBI took note issue away from the Government. Such notes could have been distributed originally from Rangoon as part of the ‘Rangoon circle’ issue; some could have come into Burma via Indian traders, workers and so on.</div>
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2. For a brief period following the decision to separate India and Burma, but before the RBI had started printing its own notes, an issue of Government of India notes was made that bore an overprint (in red) ‘Legal Tender in Burma Only’.</div>
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3. New RBI India notes that, as per 1) above, entered Burma via its symbiotic economic relationship with India.</div>
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4. As noted above, the RBI (India) notes over-stamped ‘Legal Tender in Burma Only’.</div>
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5. The RBI’s ‘Burma notes’.</div>
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Post-separation, the RBI became ‘Government banker’ to the Government of Burma as well as that of India. In this role it was tasked with the usual array of central banking duties – keeping the Government’s accounts, managing the public debt, providing occasional advances to the Government and its agencies (especially, in Burma’s case, to the Railway Board), promoting remittance facilities, and so on. Because of their separate political standing, a specific provision of the 1937 Order extended these functions to the management of the ‘Federal Fund’ of the Federated Shan States too. Previous arrangements with the Imperial Bank, however, which undertook many of these roles in locations in Burma and the Shan States where the RBI was not represented, were maintained.</div>
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(1) PROVISIONAL ISSUES</div>
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5 rupees (1937) Reserve Bank of India (provisional issue) banknote for Burma </div>
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(signed by J. W. Kelly)</div>
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5 RUPEES (1937) Provisional issue</div>
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This banknote is 127 x 73 mm in green and brown-violet on tan. The top portion of the note is brown violet and the lower portion in tan. </div>
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The name of the issuer government of india is printed at the top center. This banknote is the Government of India’s 1933-34 issued 5 rupees note overprinted with words “legal tender in burma only” at the top center on both sides. These overprint words in red ink at the top margin, in black ink at center or at the bottom on both sides. The denomination of the note five rupees is printed in large type size at the center. The portrait of King George V in profile is at right. </div>
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Watermarks for this note are the radiate star, government/of/india in three lines, and a five-pointed solid star appears at the watermark window at left. The serial number is printed at the lower center above the signature.</div>
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J. W. Kelley signed on prefix code S/88-90 (S/88-200001-1000000 issued to public) on black overprinted banknots, and T/18-22 of red overprinted banknotes. His signature appears inside the box at the bottom center with the numeral value of the banknote “Rs five Rs” as underprint. On reverse, the denominations of the note in eight different languages are printed at the center. The Burmese script “<i>ngwe dinga nga pya</i>” signifying five silver coins is located at the fourth line. The numeral number 5 is inside the panel on the left and the watermark window is on the right. The numeral value of the note is printed at top right and bottom left corner.</div>
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This banknote was printed at Nasik, and issued in April 1937, and demonetized on June 1, 1950. </div>
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10 rupees (1937) Reserve Bank of India (provisional) banknote for Burma </div>
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(over printed at center and top margins, signed by J. W. Kelly)</div>
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10 RUPEES (1937) Provisional issue</div>
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The 10 Rupees banknote is the Government of India 1933-34 issue, measures 133 x 79 mm, in dark blue, and overprinted with words “legal tender in burma only” in red on the margin at top center, or in black at the center on both sides. The name of the banknote issuer, Government of India, is printed at top center left. The denomination of the note ten rupees is printed at the center. These overprinted words can be seen on prefix R/42-49, black overprinted in center of note on both sides, and R/82-89, red overprinted in top margin on both sides. The vignettet of King George V is at right. </div>
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Watermark for this note are the profile portrait of King George V to right, and ten rupees/government/of/india/ten rupees in five lines in center. The image of King George V appears as a watermark at the window on left. The drawing of a banana tree, mountains and a river view is depicted at the center. The serial numbers appear on the upper right corner. The numeral value is printed at each corner, except upper left of the banknote. The denomation of the note ten rupees shows at the bottom right. </div>
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J. W. Kelly signed on prefix code R/42-49, black overprinted banknotes. J. W. Kelly signed on prefix code R/82-89, red overprinted banknotes. His signature is on the lower left corner. </div>
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The reverse is in light blue with a drawing of two elephants driven by their trainers and is presented as the main illustration at the center. The name of the banknote issuer, Government of India, is printed at top center. The numeral value of banknote is shown between the two elephants and the written value description is under the image of the elephants. The watermark window is on the right side and the note’s value in eight languages is inside the left panel framing with traditional flowery design, respectively. The Burmese script “<i>ngwe dinga ta se</i>” signifying ten silver coins is in the fourth line. This banknote was printed at Nasik.</div>
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100 rupees (1937) Government of India banknote for Burma </div>
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(over printed at center or top margins, signed by J. W. Kelly)</div>
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<span style="color: black;"> </span>100 RUPEES (1937) Provisional issue</div>
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This banknote is the Government of India’s 1927 issued 100 rupees note overprinted with words legal tender in burma only at the center of top margin. This banknote is multi-colored, but predominately purple blue. The place name Rangoon is at top center. The portrait of King George V inside the oval panel is on the right and appears again as the watermark at the watermark window at the left. The phrases “I promise to pay the bearer the sum of one hundred rupees (in large type), and “on demand at any office of issue” are printed on the bottom center. </div>
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Watermark for this note are the profile portrait of King George V to right, and govt/of/india in three lines, and ornamented rectangle around. The signature of J.W. Kelley for the government of India appears at bottom right.The serial numbers are printed at two places, lower left and upper right side of the banknote. The note ‘legal tender in burma only’ overprint in black in the center of the note on both sides comes only from T 32 700001 to T 32 1000000 and from T 41 000001 to T 41 100000 serial number ranges. The overprinted words in red on the top margin of the note on both sides comes only from T 41 100001 to T 41 1000000 and from T 41 000001 to T 41 606000 serial number ranges. </div>
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The reverse presents the denomination of the note, written in seven languages (Hindi, Bengali, Burmese, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, and Gujarati), printed at the center. The Burmese script “<i>ngwe dinga ta ya</i>” signifying one hundred silver coins is on the third line. The denomination of the note is written in words inside the oval shaped panels and appears as watermarks on both the left and right side watermark windows. The numeral value of banknote displays at the bottom right, and monetary unit is printed at the bottom left. </div>
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(II) RESERVE BANK OF INDIA BANKNOTES </div>
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King George VI notes (1938-1947)</div>
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After the death of King George V, Albert, the Duke of York became the king as King George VI. During this period in India, the Reserve Bank of India came into existence in 1935. It became the sole note issuing authority and it’s first note bearing the portrait of George VI came out in 1938. The notes bearing the portrait of George VI have the signatures of J.B. Taylor and C. D. Deshmukh.</div>
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Re 1 (1944) :</div>
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This note came out in 1944 although the coin on the note depicts the year 1940. These can be divided into four types. They are: </div>
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Serial No. in black 25a, 1.1A</div>
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Serial No. in black with Inset A 25c, 1.1B</div>
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Serial No. in green with Inset A 25d, 1.1C</div>
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Serial No. in red 25b, 1.1D</div>
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Rs 2 (1943):</div>
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These were issued in 1943. Some of these notes were used for overprinting for use in Pakistan. </div>
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The signatures of J.B. Taylor and C. D. Deshmukh are found on these notes.</div>
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Rs 5 (1938/44):</div>
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There were two issues of Rs 5 bearing George VI’s portrait. The first issue had the left profile of George VI and was issued in 1938 (J.B. Taylor’s signature) and 1944 (C. D. Deshmukh’s signature). Some of these notes were used for overprinting for use in Burma. The second issue had the front profile of George VI, C. D. Deshmukh’s signature and was issued in 1947. </div>
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Rupees 10 (1938/44):</div>
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There were two issues of Rs 10 bearing George VI’s portrait. The first issue had the left profile of George VI and was issued in 1938 (J.B. Taylor’s signature) and 1944 (C. D. Deshmukh’s signature). Some of these notes were used for overprinting for use in Burma. The second issue had the front profile of George VI and had C. D. Deshmukh’s signature and was issued in 1944. Some of these notes were used for overprinting for use in Pakistan and Burma.</div>
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Rupees 100 (1938):</div>
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Issued from 1938 to 1947, these notes had the signatures of J.B. Taylor and C. D. Deshmukh. These notes had the names of the Issuing Office printed on them and they were Bombay, Calcutta, Cawnpore, Delhi, Kanpur, Karachi, Lahore and Madras. Some of these notes were used for overprinting for use in Pakistan and Burma. </div>
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Rupees 1000 (1938):</div>
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Issued in the year 1938 and demonetized in 1946, these notes had the signature of J.B. Taylor. These notes had the names of the Issuing Office printed on them and they were Bombay, Calcutta, Cawnpore, Karachi, Lahore and Madras. </div>
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Rupees 10000 (1938):</div>
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Issued in the year 1938 and demonetized in 1946, these notes had the signature of J.B. Taylor. </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e61e25; font-family: 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; font-size: 9px;">5 rupees (1938) Reserve Bank of India banknote for Burma </span></div>
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(signed by J. B. Taylor)</div>
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5 RUPEES (1938)</div>
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This banknote is 127 x 73 mm, violet brown and green in color. The top portion of this banknote is printed in violet brown and the lower portion is in light green. At the top center of obverse, the banknote issuer “Reserve Bank of India” is printed as a banner. “I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of five rupees at any office of issue in burma” is over printed at center. Underneath is an illustration of a peacock at bottom center. The head of a lion displayed on either sides of the dancing peacock. The portrait of King George VI in profile in panel is at the right.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></div>
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Watermark for this note are profile portrait of George VI to right at the window at left, and reserve/bank/of/india in four lines, and bold figure 5 in top left corner. The serial number of the banknote appears at lower left side. J. B. Taylor, Governor, for the Reserve Bank of India, signed on prefix code A banknotes.</div>
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This is the first banknote showing the country’s name on the original design of the master plate, and interesting enough, this banknote design depicted the dancing peacock as a main illustration on obverse. Burmese believe they descended from the sun, and peacock is the symbol for sun. (Rabbit represents the moon). </div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The reverse is also printed in violet brown with a wash of light green shoots through horizontally at the center of the note. The main illustration and the value number in the left frame are in green. A prominent illustration of an elephant in a green forest is at the center. On the left side panel, the denomination of the note is written in Burmese script “<i>nge dinga nga pya</i>” and in Shan script “<i>ngeun ha kyat</i>” both of which signify five silver pieces. (The monetary unit of Shan is kyat). The portrait of George VI to left appears at the window at right. The numeral value of banknote displays at the bottom right in Burmese script, and at the bottom left in English. </div>
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An interesting thing is that even though there were many other nationalities living in Burma at that time, only Shan script is printed along with Burmese script on the banknotes. Some historians believe the British had plans and intended to rule the Shan state separately from Burma one day. The description on these banknotes in the Shan language indicates that Shan continued to use the currency unit ‘kyat’ even though kyat is not official after the British invasion. </div>
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Another interesting thing is this banknote shows the Burmese monetary symbol as a small circle on top of the first unit of number, in short for “kyat”. For example: ( <span style="letter-spacing: -4.6px;">5</span><span style="letter-spacing: -4.6px; vertical-align: 7px;">o</span> ) means 5 kyat. These banknotes display the numeral value of the note along with monetary unit in Burmese language “<i>ngwe</i>” saying silver or money.</div>
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This banknote was issued on May 1938 and demonetized on June 1, 1950. </div>
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10 rupees (1938) Reserve Bank of India banknote for Burma </div>
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(signed by J. B. Taylor)</div>
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10 RUPEES (1938) </div>
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This banknote 146 x 84 mm was multi-colored, but predominately green. On the obverse the note issuer “Reserve Bank of India” is at the top center. The portrait of King George VI in profile is in a panel at the right. “I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of ten rupees at any office of issue in Burma” is printed at the center. The main illustration of tall palm trees, an ox cart, and a farmer plowing with his oxen is at the center. Watermark for this note are the profile portrait of King George VI to right at the window at left, and ten rupees / reserve bank / of / india / ten rupees in five lines.</div>
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The serial number with prefix code A is underneath the main illustration. The signature of J. B. Taylor, Governor, for the Reserve Bank of India appears at bottom left with the monetary value description ten rupees as underprint. The numeral value of banknote displays at the top right corner in Burmese, in English at top left and lower right corners. </div>
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The reverse is also green. The value of the banknote is written in Burmese script “<i>ngwe dinga ta se</i>” and in Shan script “<i>ngeun khan neung</i>” signifying silver ten pieces in the left panel. An illustration of sailing boats is at the center. Underneath the main illustration is the banknote issuer, Reserve Bank of India. This banknote also has the country’s name on the original design. The profile portrait of King George VI to left appears as watermark at the window at right. The numeral value of banknote displays in Burmese at the bottom right corner. This note was issued on June 1938 and demonetized on June 1, 1950. </div>
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100 rupees (1939) Reserve Bank of India banknote for Burma </div>
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(signed by J. B. Taylor)</div>
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100 RUPEES (1939)</div>
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This bank note 171 x 108 mm is multi-colored but mostly in blue. On obverse, the name of the banknote issuer “Reserve Bank of India” is at the top center. The vignette of King George VI is at the right, and as a watermark at the left watermark window. “I promise to pay the bearer/on demand at any office of issue/in Burma/the sum of” is over printed at the center. The denomination of the note one hundred rupees is printed at the center of the note. </div>
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Underneath it is an illustration of a dancing peacock. The monetary value description one hundred rupees is printed in large type as underprint at the bottom. The signature of this note J. B. Taylor for the Reserve Bank of India appears at the bottom center, and the serial numbers of the note appears at left and right of signature. Serial numbers and signature are printed on the one hundred rupees underprint. The numeral value of banknote displays at the top right corner in Burmese, in English at top left corner. </div>
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Reverse is in bluish green. The name of the banknote issuer “Reserve Bank of India” is at top center. The denomination of the note in Burmese script “<i>ngwe dinga ta ya</i>” signifying one hundred silver pieces is written in large type just beneath the name of the banknote issuer. The panel at the center has an illustration, the elephants pushing teak logs denoting, as one of the main exports from Burma. Below the main illustraion is the value of the banknote written in Shan script “<i>ngeun pak neung</i>” signifying one hundred silver pieces. </div>
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The illustrations of dancing peacocks are seen at the bottom, underneath the panels of value denomination and watermark windows, on left and right side, respectively. The image of King George VI to left appears as a watermark at the window at right. The name of the country Burma is not on the original master plate, it is just over printed. The numeral value of banknote displays at the top right corner in Burmese, in English at top left corner. This note was issued on May 1939 and demonetized on June 1, 1950.</div>
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1000 rupees (1939) Reserve Bank of India banknote for Burma </div>
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(signed by J. B. Taylor)</div>
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1,000 RUPEES (1939)</div>
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This banknote 202 x 126 mm is green, brown and multi colored. On the obverse, the banknote issuer “Reserve Bank of India” is printed at the top center. The panel with the portrait of King George VI facing to the left in profile, inside the two lions seated palace shape frame, is at the center. The value “1000” appears on the right. “I promise to pay the bearer on demand at any office of issue in Burma the sum of one thousand rupees” is depicted at the bottom center. </div>
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Watermark for this note are profile portrait of King George VI to right at the watermark window on the left. In ornamented border, Reserve Bank of India in one line at top and Reserve Bank /Of/India in three lines at the bottom. Underneath the watermark window of the left, the country’s name “burma” is printed. The signature of J. B. Taylor, Governor for the Reserve Bank of India appears on prefix code A at the bottom center. The serial numbers of the note appears at the upper left and right. </div>
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The reverse is also green and multi-colored. The banknote issuer “Reserve Bank of India” is at the top center. Illustrations of dancing peacocks appear on both left and right upper corners of the note. A walking tiger directly approaching is depicted in the center as the main illustration for this note. The name of the country, Burma, and the value of banknote is printed on the left panel. The King George VI’s image to left appears at watermark window at right. </div>
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The value of the banknote written in Burmese script “<i>ngwe dinga ta htaung</i>” signifying one thousand silver pieces is printed beneath both left and right panels. Denominations of the note written in English and Shan script “<i>ngeun haeng nueng</i>” signifying one thousand silver pieces are found at the bottom center, underneath the image of a tiger. This note was issued on July 1939 and demonetized on May 1, 1945. </div>
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10,000 rupees (1939) Reserve Bank of India banknote for Burma </div>
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(signed by J. B. Taylor)</div>
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10,000 RUPEES (1939)</div>
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This banknote 202 x 126 mm, is in green and multi color. Obverse, the name of banknote issuer “Reserve Bank of India” appears at the top center. The vignette of the King George VI facing left appears in two side by side seated lions panel at center. The phrase “I promise to pay the bearer on demand at any office of issue in burma the sum of” is at the top, and “ten thousand rupees” is printed at the bottom center. This note was signed by J. B. Taylor, Governor, for the Reserve Bank of India. Watermark for this note are profile portrait of King George VI to right on the watermark window, and RS/10000/RS in three lines in the right window. The name of the country for this banknote was not on the original master plate but it was over printed afterwards. The monetary value of the note are printed at lower left and right corners in Burmese, and at upper left and right corners in English.</div>
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On reverse, the bank name “Reserve Bank of India” is at the top center. Denominations of the note written in Burmese “<i>ngwe dinga ta thaung</i>” along with in English and Shan script “<i>ngeun muen nueng</i>” both of which signify ten thousand silver coins are at the center, underneath the image of the waterfall which is the main illustration for this note. A watermark window at left shows “Burma, 10,000 rupees”, and the vignette of the King George VI’s as the watermark is on the right window. A dancing peacock is depicted on the left and right of the value descriptions at the bottom. The monetary value of the note appears at the bottom right corner in Burmese and at the bottom left corner in Englsih. This banknote was issued on May 1939 and demonetized on May 1, 1945. </div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">– Credits –</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Most of these images are from various Websites and “The Coins and Banknotes of Burma” by M. Robinson and L. A. Shaw, Pardy & Son (Printers) Ltd., </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Ringwood, Hampshire, England, 1980.</span></span></div>
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............................................................. <i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; font-size: small;">to be continued on Chapter 3 and 4</span></i></div>
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</div>Min Sun Minhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04962904901600922564noreply@blogger.com28